Tanglewood Tales

Nathaniel Hawthorne

47 pages 1-hour read

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Tanglewood Tales

Fiction | Anthology/Varied Collection | Middle Grade | Published in 1853

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Symbols & Motifs

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of graphic violence and death.

Theseus’s Inheritance

In “The Minotaur,” Theseus’s inheritance from his father, King Aegeus, is a motif that connects to the theme of Achieving One’s Destiny Through Initiative and Hard Work. Rather than simply gifting Theseus his sandals, sword, and golden hilt, his father arranges them underneath a huge boulder. His mother, Aethra, informs Theseus that he can discover what his father has left for him when he’s strong enough to move the rock on his own. This challenge suggests that King Aegeus wants Theseus to earn his inheritance through training and hard work, rather than easily inheriting his status by birthright alone. Theseus shows his discipline and perseverance by continually trying to move the rock, even as a young boy. Hawthorne notes that the “curly-headed boy would tug and strain at the huge mass of stone, striving, child as he was, to do what a giant could hardly have done without taking both of his great hands to the task” (1).


Theseus’s coming-of-age isn’t marked in years, but by his ability to finally move the rock. He uses his “manly strength and resolution” as he “put his whole brave heart into the effort,” finally lifting the boulder (2). Theseus’s hard work pays off, and he discovers the precious items his father left for him, inviting him to continue his work and become his legacy. His mother Aethra explains, “That task being accomplished, you are to put on his sandals, to follow in your father’s footsteps, and to gird on his sword, so that you may fight giants and dragons, as King Aegeus did in his youth” (3). Theseus’s initiative and hard work in uncovering the sandals, sword, and hilt allow him to embrace his destiny as a prince of Athens, setting the hero’s story in motion.

Ariadne’s String

In “The Minotaur,” Ariadne’s string symbolizes care and guidance. To keep Theseus safe, she offers this string to him as his one weapon against the convoluted maze that houses the Minotaur. She tells him, “Stay! take the end of this silken string; I will hold the other end; and then, if you win the victory, it will lead you again to this spot. Farewell, brave Theseus” (13). Theseus couldn’t survive without this string, which becomes like an extension of Ariadne herself. Theseus clings to it while he battles the Minotaur, and then successfully uses it to navigate out of the maze after he slays the monster.


By holding the string throughout Theseus’s ordeal, Ariadne imbues it with her care, giving the hero the courage to fight. Hawthorne explains the impact of the string on Theseus’s mood: “Bold as he was, […] it strengthened his valiant heart, just at this crisis, to feel a tremulous twitch at the silken cord, which he was still holding in his left hand. It was as if Ariadne were giving him all her might and courage” (14). As a physical representation of Ariadne’s compassion and guidance, the string gives Theseus courage and is his only way of escaping the “cunningly contrived” labyrinth.

Ceres’s Torch

In “The Pomegranate Seeds,” the goddess Ceres searches the world for her daughter, Proserpina, using the light of her torch. The torch’s ever-burning flame symbolizes Ceres’s commitment to finding her daughter, a mission fueled by her deep, motherly love. Hawthorne describes how Ceres, exhausted and preoccupied with worry for her daughter, never even put the torch out at night. He implies that it was imbued with the power of Ceres’s love, as it burned continually:


But I wonder what sort of stuff this torch was made of; for it burned dimly through the day, and, at night, was as bright as ever, and never was extinguished by the rain or wind, in all the weary days and nights while Ceres was seeking for Proserpina (72).


Ceres takes her torch with her everywhere she goes, including the neighboring farms, Hecate’s cave, Phoebus’s home in the clouds, and on her journeys to find an entrance to the underworld. Hawthorne writes, “Poor Mother Ceres! It is melancholy to think of her, pursuing her toilsome way, all alone, and holding up that never-dying torch, the flame of which seemed an emblem of the grief and hope that burned together in her heart” (76). As something that Ceres always carries with her, the torch is a physical reminder of her determination to find her daughter. At the end of the tale, Ceres’s inner thoughts reinforce this symbolism, revealing that the torch was indeed magical, as it held a flame until her reunion with Proserpina. When she sees its flame extinguish, she exclaims, “It was an enchanted torch, and should have kept burning till my child came back” (82). A moment later, Ceres sees Proserpina running toward her.

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