57 pages • 1-hour read
A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of gender discrimination, suicidal ideation, death by suicide, substance use, sexual content, cursing, illness, and death.
Treasure acts as a motif representing The Intergenerational Struggle for Women’s Independence. Its meaning evolves over the course of the novel. At first, the author uses treasure to examine how men’s greed has posed a grave obstacle to women’s freedom for centuries, aligning with the genre of magical realism’s ability to use supernatural elements to shine a light on real-world problems. For example, the Mazza brothers rob Imelda of her liberty, take her away from her home and family, and treat her as a tool by making her use her magic to find “countless piles of sunken loot” for them (241).
As the story progresses, the novel’s women characters defend their agency and redefine treasure to reflect the things that give their lives true meaning. After Conrad betrays Haven for a chance to seize the gems, she chooses to walk away from the treasure hunt for a time because she understands that there are more important things at stake than an opportunity to become rich. As Mal explains, “You, Haven, don’t give a shit about money. Neither did your dad. [….] [Y]our dad cared most for the joy of the discovery: the pursuit, the adventure, the deep dives with people you love. These are the things he wanted for you” (296). Like the present-day protagonist, Mari understands that relationships are far more precious than material wealth, and she encapsulates the novel’s message with her declaration that “the greatest treasure to be found is…love” (325). By deciding for themselves what they treasure and resisting the greed that seduces many of the story’s men, the novel’s heroines defend their independence.
Through the motif of the sea, Penner examines the theme of Reckoning With History and Heritage. Mari is a sea witch whose magic is inherited from her ancestors, and Haven is a nautical archaeologist following in her father’s footsteps, giving both protagonists strong personal links between the ocean and their pasts. Despite this similarity, the main characters have vastly different relationships with water. For Haven, the ocean is not only her workplace but also her “playground” because her father taught her “to love the ocean as much as he did” (27). Many of her happiest memories are from diving and exploring shipwrecks with her loving, adventurous parent. As a result, the nautical archaeologist’s dives in Positano not only help her uncover the region’s history but also help to mend the grief and guilt she feels towards her father’s death.
In contrast, Mari’s complex relationship with the sea reflects her lifelong journey to reckon with her mother’s absence. Ever since her mother left Positano by boat when she was only eight years old, Mari believes that the ocean is “no longer her friend” (15). However, she experiences providence and kindness from the sea at key moments, such as when the waves guide Holmes to her just in time to stop her from sacrificing herself during the climax. The revelation that her mother left Positano to protect her sheds new light on one of Mari’s darkest memories, but her relationship with the ocean remains complicated by over a decade of loneliness and distrust. As she observes in the epilogue, “It will take a lifetime to sort through my feelings, […] but the sea was here long before us, and it will remain long after we are gone. […] Something tells me it will be as patient as I need it to be” (234). Mari’s gradually healing relationship with the sea contributes to the novel’s happy ending and shows how the events of the story have helped her to reckon with her heritage.
The sea witches’ cimaruta talismans serve as a motif of The Power of Love and Sacrifice. The cimaruta is a necklace adorned with charms and objects found in the sea. For example, Mari’s talisman features “a moon shell, an ammonite fossil, a kernel of gray volcanic pumice,” and “a tiny coral fragment in the perfect shape of a mountain” (22). The streghe receive the talismans when they are 15 years old, and the protective objects offer “great strength and vigor in moments of distress” (18).
The cimaruta’s connection to the vortice centuriaria cements its significance as a motif of the power of love and sacrifice. The curse is the most formidable spell in the witches’ arsenal, and it requires the ultimate sacrifice: “It could only be recited if a strega removed her protective cimaruta necklace. And the cost of performing such magic was substantial: she had to sacrifice her own life in order for the spell to be effective” (20). Emphasizing the immense power of sacrifice, the curse Imelda gives her life to cast sinks two of Matteo’s ships in a single day and lasts for 100 years. Mari knows for certain that her mother has sacrificed herself when she receives the “strand of seashells” that comprises her mother’s cimaruta because she knows that there is “only one reason she would have removed it” (287). Imelda’s sacrifice saves her daughter’s life, providing a pivotal example of the power of love.
Vivi’s sacrifice underlines the talismans’ thematic importance. During the epilogue, the witch removes her cimaruta to guide Mari and the other rescuers to the captives on Ischia. Although Vivi dies before help arrives, her “terribly brave decision” ensures that three children from Positano are freed (322): “Sacrifice, Lia was quickly learning, was the greatest form of love” (322). The cimaruta appears during key moments in the novel, demonstrating the tremendous power of women’s sacrificial love for their communities and families.



Unlock the meaning behind every key symbol & motif
See how recurring imagery, objects, and ideas shape the narrative.