The Antidote

Karen Russell

54 pages 1-hour read

Karen Russell

The Antidote

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2025

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Part 2, Chapters 18-28Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide contains references to racism, death, graphic violence, sexual content, and pregnancy loss.

Part 2: “The Counterfeiters”

Part 2, Chapter 18 Summary: “The RA Photographer, Cleo Allfrey”

The chapter consists of letter correspondence and memos between Cleo Allfrey—a photographer for the federal government’s Resettlement Administration—and Ray Stryker, a government official who is her boss. Allfrey has been sent to Nebraska to gather photographic documentation of the practice of “dry farming.” In the final correspondence of the chapter, Allfrey explains that she will delay her return to Washington, DC, so that she can “continue to document an inexplicable occurrence” (114) in Uz. She mails five boxes of photographs to Stryker, two of them taken in Uz.

Part 2, Chapter 19 Summary: “The Prairie Witch”

A customer knocks on the Antidote’s door, and she tells Dell to hide in the closet. The customer, John Boyet, has been her client for 15 years. He is on his way out of town with his family—relocating to Sacramento—and wants to withdraw his deposits before leaving. The process of withdrawing a memory requires the customer to recite a deposit number backward; the Antidote then enters a trance state and repeats the memory back to the customer.


Boyet recites his number, but the Antidote is unable to enter the trance.

Part 2, Chapter 20 Summary: “The Prairie Witch’s Apprentice, Asphodel Oletsky”

From the closet, Dell hears John Boyet choking the Antidote. Armed with knowledge of an extramarital affair Boyet had with a woman who later died of pneumonia (information Dell gleaned from the Party Line), Dell shouts out to Boyet, pretending to be the ghost of his deceased lover. Boyet rushes out of the room, and the Antidote agrees to take Dell on as her apprentice.


To determine whether she has lost her skills as a Vault entirely, she asks Dell to make a deposit. Dell does and feels instantly lighter. The Antidote asks her to attempt to withdraw the deposit, but what comes out of the Antidote is not a true withdrawal but bits of the original memory mixed with the Antidote’s words. Though the Antidote is fearful that her livelihood has indeed ended, Dell suggests a plan to keep the deposits coming in: The Antidote will plant fake, happier withdrawals in her clients. The Antidote is skeptical that this plan will work but is willing to try it.


For the first client who comes to withdraw a deposit, Dell writes a story that she asks the Antidote to memorize. The story is developed in part with details Dell has gleaned from listening to the Party Line. The “withdrawal” is a success and Dell is confident that she can “rewrite” history.


That Thursday, Dell practices basketball with the team, which now calls itself “The Dangers.” There are two tense moments during the practice: first when the team brings up the failed execution of Dew, and second when a player calls an Indigenous teammate a racial slur. Both moments are patched up, and Dell asserts that winning the tournament will stop the dust from blowing.


In the weeks that follow, there is a rush to withdraw memories from the Antidote as citizens flee Uz. Dell secretly calls herself and her mentor “the Counterfeits,” and the opportunity to be creative makes her feel happy and alive in way she has not been for some time. Each time a customer makes a deposit, Dell is hidden in the closet, recording it onto paper.

Part 2, Chapter 21 Summary: “The Grange Master, Harp Oletsky”

Harp attends a meeting of the Nebraska State Grange and is surprised to be unanimously elected Grange Master. All the members are amazed at the success he has had in dry farming and are eager to know his secret; Harp insists the success is a complete mystery to him.


Cleo Allfrey appears at the meeting; she takes a photo of Harp, despite his protests.

Part 2, Chapter 22 Summary: “The Scarecrow”

The Scarecrow watches as a hawk scoops up a rabbit, then watches Harp eat his lunch as he farms.

Part 2, Chapter 23 Summary: “The RA Photographer, Cleo Allfrey”

The chapter begins with letters from Roy Stryker, criticizing the photos Allfrey has sent to him. When he rejects a photo, Stryker punches a hole into the negative with a hole punch. Allfrey, an African American woman, is eager to capture diverse people and scenes with her photography, but Stryker criticizes them as attempts at artistry. He stresses that their aim is not to make art but to provide documentary proof that Roosevelt’s New Deal is needed.

Part 2, Chapter 24 Summary: “The Prairie Witch”

The Antidote is busy with new deposits. One day, Sheriff Iscoe brings his new deputy in, forcing him to make a deposit, then he himself makes one. Though the sheriff has forced many people to make deposits over the years, this is the first time he has made one himself. He explains that he plans to withdraw the deposit after delivering his speech for reelection.


In the deposited memory, Sheriff Iscoe recalls discovering the body of another murdered woman—this one named Mink Petrusev. The new body means that Clemson Louis Dew, whom the sheriff framed for six previous murders by planting rabbits’ feet at the scenes, cannot be responsible for any of them. Eager to hide this new evidence, Sheriff Iscoe forced Percy, the new deputy, to help him move and bury the body.


The Antidote is burdened by the guilt of Iscoe’s confession and feels as though she has been an accomplice in his crime.

Part 2, Chapter 25 Summary: “The Player-Captain of the Dangers, Asphodel Oletsky”

Dell drives the team to the tournament in a van that one of the players borrowed from the Baptist church. Dust surrounds them constantly, but Dell is determined to reach their destination and to win the tournament.

Part 2, Chapter 26 Summary: “The Grange Master, Harp Oletsky”

After the meeting, Harp goes home with a woman named Urna. They stay up talking until four o’clock in the morning and then have sex. When Harp returns home at 10 o’clock in the morning, he finds a note from Dell, explaining that she has gone to the tournament. Harp feels grateful for his good fortune—being with Urna and the inexplicable success of his wheat crop—but also guilty.

Part 2, Chapter 27 Summary: “The Scarecrow”

The scarecrow watches a herd of antelope and experiences joy, questioning how he is able to feel this way. He longs for Harp to acknowledge him.

Part 2, Chapter 28 Summary: “The RA Photographer, Cleo Allfrey”

Soon after her arrival in the prairie, Allfrey’s camera and film are stolen. She finds another, better camera—her dream camera—at a pawn shop. The camera is new, and she wonders how it came to be pawned and who could have owned it. The pawn shop owner suggests Allfrey photograph a local archaeological dig in which researchers are searching for remnants from the Pawnee tribes who previously lived on the land.


After visiting and leaving the site, Allfrey continues until she is forced to stop for the night in the only nearby town: Uz. She takes a room at the boardinghouse above the saloon, where she meets Dell at the bar.

Part 2, Chapters 18-28 Analysis

In this section, key conflicts move closer to resolution while others are further complicated. The Antidote has several reasons for her reluctance to take Dell on as an apprentice: She is uncertain whether Dell, who appears hardheaded and reckless, can be trusted and whether she is disciplined enough to become a Vault. The Antidote is weary of the work she has done, burdened by the weight of the memories she carries and fearful of the harm that may come to her in the future. She has grown pessimistic that a solution to the problem of the lost deposits exists at all and has resigned herself to future harm by her customers once they learn of this. Dell, characterized by optimism, determination, and grit, persists. Her plan to create counterfeit memories is an innovative, surprising, and daring one that is fraught with risk. As Dell asserts her idea boldly and confidently, the Antidote relents, willing to try the plan.


Strange occurrences plague Harp Oletsky—advancing The Interconnectedness of Humans and Nature. The novel offers know rational explanation for the strange light that hovers above Harp’s wheat field, which is visible to select individuals besides Harp as well, such as Cleo Allfrey. Harp is certain that this inexplicable phenomenon holds some significance and that it may be connected to another inexplicable phenomenon: Harp’s wheat crop is thriving while drought and dust prevent wheat from flourishing throughout the rest of Uz. Though this success is a relief, it is also a source of worry. Harp knows that his success makes others suspicious of him, and he is plagued with guilt at his good fortune, given that so many families are suffering. That the scarecrow has some type of consciousness is further evidence that some unnatural or magical phenomena is taking place on Harp’s farm. No context is provided for the scarecrow’s thoughts, and readers must trust that its existence and purpose will be made clear later in the novel.


As observed by the Antidote, Dell is an eager and motivated pupil who is determined to succeed. Though her motivation for the apprenticeship is initially purely financial, she immediately enjoys the counterfeiting work in unexpected ways. Creating the stories brings her a sense of meaning and fulfillment that she has been lacking. And she demonstrates her resourcefulness by putting her eavesdropping on the Party Line to good use. Dell’s passion for basketball persists, and she is undeterred as the team’s new coach. Her tenacity is evident as she overcomes the obstacle of driving to the tournament in a dust storm, and her leadership skills are revealed as she encourages the team to focus on winning and to overcome their doubts. Having heard the deposits of several Uz residents, Dell is learning The Weight of Memory, witnessing just how burdensome such thoughts can be. It is for this reason that she worries when she learns her teammate has submitted to the sexual advances of a local minister in exchange for using the church’s van to drive to the tournament. Here, Dell anticipates the future impact that this trauma will likely have on the teammate.


Finally, the sheriff’s revelation of Dew’s innocence complicates the theme of Justice as Righting Past Wrongs. The sheriff not only forces his employee to participate in perpetuating this lie, but he also forces him to hide the evidence by burying the body of Mink Petrusev. By coercing his deputy to participate in this cover-up and then to give up his memory of the incident, the sheriff demonstrates that his authoritarian tendencies extend even to controlling the minds of others. He presents himself as a representative of justice, but his idea of justice is antithetical to that of the Antidote and Dell. For the sheriff, justice is a social performance intended to maintain order and preserve his own authority. For Dell and the Antidote, by contrast, Justice means bringing the truth to light and redressing past harms. The knowledge of the sheriff’s crime weighs heavily on the conscience of the Antidote, propelling the narrative toward a climax in which hidden truths will be revealed.

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