The Antidote

Karen Russell

54 pages 1-hour read

Karen Russell

The Antidote

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2025

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Prologue-Part 1Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of animal cruelty and/or death, child death, graphic violence, illness, and death by suicide.

Part 1: “Collapse”

Part 1, Prologue Summary: “Deposit 69818060-1-77, Harp Oletsky’s First Memory”

On Harp’s sixth birthday, he is forced to help his father and the other townsmen kill a herd of wild rabbits. They have trapped the rabbits, which have been destroying the wheat crop, but Harp wants nothing to do with the act of clubbing the rabbits to death.

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary: “The Prairie Witch”

A prairie witch known as the Antidote is chained to a bed in the Uz jail. The town of Uz, Nebraska, is suffering a drought. The Antidote is what is known as a “Vault”: She has the ability to take other people’s unwanted memories and store them inside herself, as if she were a bank. This causes the depositor to forget the memory entirely until he or she withdraws it from the Antidote. But, as she awakens this morning, the Antidote feels suddenly bankrupt, knowing that she has, for the first time, lost all of the memories she has been storing. She recalls giving birth to a son at the Home for Unwed Mothers in Milford, Nebraska, when she was 15. After the baby was born, she briefly nursed him but then was told that he had died. The Antidote believes this is a lie and assumes her son is alive somewhere.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary: “Asphodel Oletsky”

In 1933, Asphodel—known as Dell—goes to live with her mother’s brother, Harp Oletsky, after her mother, Lada, is murdered. Lada and Dell had been living three hours away on the Nebraska-Kansas border. Dell feels that her uncle blames her for her mother’s death. She is obsessed with basketball and plays constantly, despite the dust, stopping only when Harp forces her to attend Catholic mass with him.


On Sunday, April 14, 1935, a black cloud appears, and the wind picks up.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary: “The Dryland Farmer, Harp Oletsky”

Harp recalls a government official visiting Uz to show farmers a film explaining the cause of the topsoil erosion. As he drives home from mass, the sky darkens as if night had suddenly fallen. He passes Dell along the road and rushes her into his truck. The dust storm will later be known as “Black Sunday.”

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary: “The Scarecrow”

The chapter consists of two short sentences: “I was not annihilated. Whatever ‘I’ was” (24).

Part 1, Chapter 5 Summary: “The Prairie Witch”

The Antidote is rescued from her jail cell by the Sheriff’s wife and daughter, then guided through the dust outside. One of the sheriff’s sons drives her back to the boardinghouse above the saloon, the Country Jentleman, where she lives.


She addresses her narrative to her absent son, explaining how the sheriff frequently brings her to Cell Eight for various criminals to deposit memories. The sheriff does not pay her for this service, instead calling it a tax she must pay in exchange for being permitted to practice witchcraft. The Antidote fears what will happen to her now that her deposits are suddenly gone.


Upon returning to her room, she immediately cleans her conduit: an ear horn. She discovers that someone has placed the foot of a rabbit in her room. A rabbit’s foot is the calling card left beside the bodies killed by a serial killer that plagues Uz. The sheriff has questioned a young transient from Indiana who then confessed to six of the murders and has been sentenced to death. The Antidote, however, is skeptical as to whether he truly committed them.


She sends a telegraph to another prairie witch, inquiring whether she too has lost all her deposits.

Part 1, Chapter 6 Summary: “Asphodel Oletsky”

After the storm, Dell listens in on the Party Line—a communal telephone line shared by the town—hoping to hear news regarding the execution of the Lucky Rabbit’s Foot Killer: Clemson Louis Dew. He was scheduled to die by electric chair at midnight on April 15, but the dust caused a kind of interference with the electricity, causing Dew to survive, despite the hood over his head catching fire. The execution is now postponed indefinitely.


Harp orders Dell off the phone, and they play basketball on a hoop he has installed for her outside, shooting until it grows dark.

Part 1, Chapter 7 Summary: “The Dryland Farmer, Harp Oletsky”

Harp explains to Dell that the name of the town, Uz, was taken from the Book of Job. He recalls being convinced by a John Deere salesman to buy a tractor on credit in the early 1920s. Harp has not, however, been able to make a profit since then: The dust and his debt continue to grow.

Part 1, Chapter 8 Summary: “The Scarecrow”

The scarecrow hears a man marvel at its having survived the Black Sunday storm intact.

Part 1, Chapter 9 Summary: “The Prairie Witch”

The Antidote borrows a horse to travel to the home of her friend, Cherry, a fellow prairie witch who, along with the Antidote, apprenticed under a vault named Kettle. As she rides, the Antidote recalls fleeing the Milford Home for Unwed Mothers after giving birth, then meeting Kettle. She took her name from a sign she saw at a circus.


At Cherry’s cabin, there is no sign of her. The Antidote sits down on Cherry’s bed, fearing that she has no one left in the world.

Part 1, Chapter 10 Summary: “Asphodel Oletsky”

Dell visits her best friend Valeria—the center on the basketball team. When Dell confesses that she has been kept awake at night by dreams of her mother, Valeria suggests that Dell make a deposit with the Antidote. She herself has done so twice and plans to withdraw the memories when she is older. Valeria speculates that Dell might even learn to become a vault, which could earn her a great deal of money.


At the next day’s practice, the team’s numbers have dwindled: Many families have moved away from Uz because of the dust. A team member named Abby died two days previously because of the effects of the dust on her asthma. The coach announces that not only has the team lost its sponsorship, but he is leaving town too.


The remaining team members vote to continue playing, nominating Dell as their player-coach. Though she does not tell the other girls, Dell is contemplating becoming a prairie witch to earn money.

Part 1, Chapter 11 Summary: “The Dryland Farmer, Harp Oletsky”

Harp’s neighbor, Otto, visits. They discuss the Black Sunday storm, and Harp shows Otto the scarecrow. Otto does not share Harp’s amazement at the scarecrow’s remaining intact, but he marvels at Harp’s wheat—miraculously lush and healthy. Neither of them can explain this.


After Otto leaves, Harp thinks of the vault his father took him to as a child. He recalls, too, the death of his brother Frank by suicide after returning from service in World War I. This, coupled with his sister’s death, leads Harp to believe that the Oletsky family is cursed.

Part 1, Chapter 12 Summary: “The Scarecrow”

The scarecrow notes that Harp visits every day. It notices the plants growing around it and the tumbleweed that passes by.

Part 1, Chapter 13 Summary: “The Prairie Witch”

The Antidote leaves Cherry’s house and returns to Uz. Waiting for her at her room is Dell, who has had a dream about the Antidote’s earhorn and believes that she too may be a vault. She asks to be the Antidote’s apprentice. The Antidote protests, but Dell goes on, explaining who she is and telling the Antidote of the death of her mother. The Antidote gives in, allowing Dell to stay.

Part 1, Chapter 14 Summary: “The Prairie Witch’s Apprentice, Asphodel Oletsky”

Dell wakes before the Antidote and prepares breakfast. When the Antidote wakes, Dell persists in trying to convince her to allow Dell to become her apprentice. The Antidote decides to give Dell a diagnostic test: she gives Dell the earhorn and instructs her to attempt to enter a trance while the Antidote makes a deposit. Though Dell is unable to enter a trance state, she insists that she can learn to do so. She is certain that she became a prairie witch when her mother died.

Part 1, Chapter 15 Summary: “The Dryland Farmer, Harp Oletsky”

Otto notes that Harp did not return home after basketball practice the previous night. He has noticed a strange light—a kind of radiant halo—appearing above his field each day since the Black Sunday storm. He is unsure whether it is real or a hallucination and decides to keep it a secret.

Part 1, Chapter 16 Summary: “The Scarecrow”

The scarecrow feels a seed in the ground beneath, beginning to grow.

Part 1, Chapter 17 Summary: “The Antidote’s Story: Part 1”

The Antidote explains that she was sent to the Milford Home for Unwed Mothers when she was three months pregnant at the age of 15. All the women and girls living there were required to stay for a minimum of 12 months, regardless of when they gave birth. They were given false names—the Antidote’s was “Anne Fayeweather”—and held to a strict schedule of work. The Antidote was repeatedly ordered to be grateful to be at the Home, but she was grateful only for the other expectant mothers.


The Antidote’s real name, she explains, is Antonina Teresa Rossi. She was called Nedda by the grandmother who raised her and later Toni by her friends. She immigrated from Sicily as an infant, her mother already having died. When she was three, her older brother and father died in a fire. Her grandmother, whom she adored, then died of bone cancer. The Antidote, then called Nedda, was sent to live with a neighbor whom she refers to as the Guardian. She found the Guardian cruel but loved the Guardian’s son, Giancarlo. It was the Guardian who realized before the Antidote ever did that the teen girl was pregnant by Giancarlo. The Guardian brought the Antidote to the courthouse, where she was then sentenced to one year at the Milford Home for Unwed Mothers.

Prologue-Part 1 Analysis

The opening coincides with the Black Sunday dust storm, a well-known historical event, immediately highlighting The Interconnectedness of Humans and Nature as a central theme. By the early 1930s, generations of white settlers employing farming methods unsuited to the region had severely impacted the ecosystem of the Great Plains. By removing deep-rooted native grasses, these farmers had destabilized the soil, and the prolonged drought of the 1930s turned this soil to dust that could easily be swept up in the wind, stripping fields of topsoil and creating disastrous dust storms. Not only does the dust disrupt daily life, but it also poses dangerous health risks, lowering the air quality and making it unsafe to breathe. In the novel’s fictional town of Uz, as they did in many real towns throughout the Great Plains region, many townspeople choose to relocate, certain they have no opportunity for a livelihood where they are. Communities swiftly fray as families leave. The revelation that the town takes its name from the biblical Book of Job—in keeping with the fantastical elements of the novel—seems to predict that the town will one day endure great suffering, as Job does in the biblical text. Harp Oletsky values the town’s history and its link to his family lineage, and thus the loss of community is disheartening to him.


The Black Sunday storm causes the Antidote to lose the memories she has stored, to go “bankrupt”—a word choice in keeping with the extended metaphor comparing the Antidote to a bank (prairie witches like her are referred to as Vaults) in which people can “deposit” unwanted memories. The inexplicable nature of this “bankruptcy” prepares readers for the fantastical elements that are central to the novel, especially the Antidote’s magical abilities. That the Antidote herself cannot comprehend the cause of her loss of the memories indicates that she has relatively little control of her abilities: She is a conduit for powers that are largely beyond her control or understanding. Similarly, a parallel is established between the Antidote’s loss of the stored memories (her “bankruptcy”) and the loss of financial fortunes during the then-recent stock market crash of 1929 and the subsequent agricultural recession exacerbated by drought. This parallel establishes the importance of memories, likening them to money and thus heightening the seriousness of the Antidote’s loss of them. This suggests a duality inherent in memory that is paradoxical: The draw of the Antidote’s service lies in her ability both to rid customers of their unpleasant memories and to restore them. The Antidote’s anxiety over the loss of the deposits indicates The Weight of Memory. Even when memories are too painful to bear, the customers do not want to be rid of them permanently, as memories are fundamental to individual and communal identity.


Importantly, though the Antidote is known throughout Uz, she regarded as a permanent outsider. Her identity as a prairie witch and her abilities as a Vault are the cause of this Otherness. Yet this does not prevent the citizens of Uz from utilizing her services. The Antidote’s experiences—for instance, being unjustly overcharged for rent simply because she is a witch—point to the injustice that pervades much of Uz, thus preparing readers for the theme of Justice as Righting Past Wrongs. Indeed, the Antidote’s backstory points to her being cruelly labeled as immoral and corrupt at a young age, as she becomes pregnant at age 15. Having lost the support system of her family—especially her beloved grandmother, with whom the Antidote shared a close bond—the Antidote becomes a disposable part of society. It is when she forms a bond and experiences a sense of community with the other unmarried mothers-to-be at the Milford Home that she achieves belonging and meaning. Later, she finds a similar sense of community with Asphodel “Dell” Oletsky. An outsider like the Antidote, Dell is also an orphan and forced to reside in Uz. As the Antidote ultimately relies on her skill as a Vault to carve out a place for herself in Uz, so too does Dell rely on her passion and abilities in basketball. Her fellow team members swiftly become Dell’s family, thus fulfilling the same role that the mothers-to-be fulfilled for the Antidote when the Antidote was Dell’s age.


Like the Antidote, Dell is resourceful, ambitious, and determined. These combined traits compel her to seek out the Antidote for an apprenticeship. Unwilling to accept defeat, Dell persists despite the Antidote’s misgivings of Dell’s plan. Where the Antidote has become pessimistic about her future as a Vault—due to the bankruptcy that ensued after Black Sunday—Dell has a naïve optimism, full of enthusiasm and a willingness to work hard. The Antidote is ultimately convinced and won over by Dell’s determined spirit. In some ways, Dell acts as foil for the Antidote—representing youth and optimism in contrast to the Antidote’s weary pessimism. At the same time, the two characters parallel one another in their commitment to justice.

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