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In “The Ballad of the Sad Café,” Miss Amelia prepares for her fight with Marvin Macy by using a punching bag she hangs from a tree in her yard: “At the end of the rope she tied a crocus sack tightly stuffed with sand. This was the punching bag she made for herself and from that day on she would box with it out in her yard every morning” (60). The bag represents her Rejection of Gender Conformity. Throughout the story, Miss Amelia refuses to adhere to gender expectations, and instead leads her life to her liking: She distills alcohol, runs a business, and felt free to ignore and then leave her husband after 10 days of marriage. Despite her willingness to act outside of gender expectations, her confidence and determination force the town to accept her as she is. The punching bag represents her pride in her physical strength and her eagerness to fight Marvin Macy. Miss Amelia approaches her conflict with Marvin Macy as though they are both men fighting over a female romantic partner; she invites the violence of the fight as the only means to chase Marvin away. The townspeople see her use of the punching bag without judgment and as in keeping with Miss Amelia’s character.
In the stories, eating establishments that allow people to gather highlight the contrast between those experiencing community and those mired in The Detrimental Power of Loneliness. In “The Ballad of the Sad Café,” Miss Amelia’s Café symbolizes Miss Amelia’s position in her community. The excitement that townspeople feel when they come to the café breaks up the monotony and stress of their lives: “They washed before coming to Miss Amelia’s, and scraped their feet very politely on the threshold as they entered the café. There, for a few hours at least, the deep bitter knowing that you are not worth much in this world could be laid low” (55). In the café, friendships and relationships give dignity and leisure to people who otherwise must scrabble for survival. However, despite creating this welcoming environment, Miss Amelia can never join in and escape her own loneliness. Even during the café’s heyday, she remains apart from its patrons, watching from afar as Cousin Lymon ingratiates himself into the group. An even stronger contrast is created in “The Jockey,” where Bitsy Barlow feels completely isolated despite being in a crowded and celebratory restaurant. Unlike those around him, he is in deep despair; their oblivious happiness only serves to deepen his feelings of alienation.
In the stories, music is a frequently occurring motif. In “The Sojourner,” music explores the nature of memory and love. John Ferris’s ex-wife, Elizabeth, plays for him music from his past, and the experience forces him to reflect on the love he once experienced with her and the lack of this kind of connection in his life at present. The music’s emotional associations are long-lasting: “it spoke to him of another time, another place—it was the music Elizabeth used to play. The delicate air summoned a wilderness of memory. Ferris was lost in […] past longings, conflicts, ambivalent desires” (122). Ferris is in an emotionally vulnerable position, having just buried his father; the memories dredged up by the “delicate air” make him realize how much he wants to feel love and support again before his death. In response, Ferris decides to commit to his new partner, Jeannine, and her son, Valentin. In “Wunderkind,” music both connects Frances to her devoted and loving piano teacher and shapes her identity in an unhealthy and ultimately constricting way. Defining herself as a piano prodigy transforms the music into something mechanical and devoid of emotion; concerned with external validation from observers like the ones who praise the young Heime and from Mr. Bilderbach, Frances loses the self-confidence that leads to good performance. Finally, in “Madame Zilensky and the King of Finland,” music is a backdrop in the lives of Mr. Brook and Madame Zilensky—it is work that they perform as professors, and no longer inspires the kind of emotional connection that Ferris experiences. Instead of reaching to music to enrich her otherwise narrow experience of life, Madame Zilensky turns to inventing far-fetched stories about her past to connect to others.



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