54 pages 1-hour read

The Book of Disquiet

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1982

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Symbols & Motifs

Lisbon

Pessoa treats the city of Lisbon as a synecdoche for modern, urban society more broadly. Bernardo Soares lives and works in Lisbon on the Rua dos Douradores. His life in the city is defined by his circumscribed movements between his office and rented room. When Soares isn’t lying in bed or writing at his desk alone at home, he is working as a bookkeeper or taking walks through the city. Soares is attached to city life in that it offers him access to his society and culture. He is constantly surrounded by activity and people. He obsessively studies the urban streets, rooftops, gardens, and cafés. He uses these observations to fuel his writing practice. “I take comfort in these reflections,” he remarks in Part 1, Chapter 73, “since I can’t take comfort in life. […] I see the luminous heights of the city glowing, like a glory from beyond, with the various lights of a sun that has already set” (72). The descriptive language Soares employs enacts his attachment to his urban environment. At the same time, the subtext of the passage implies that Soares is lonely and isolated.


Life in Lisbon intensifies Soares’s preexisting alienation. He is always looking out or down at the world around him without actively participating in it. He sometimes longs to leave the city, but also knows he would miss his urban environs if he moved to the country: “I’d like to be in the country to be able to like being in the city. I like being in the city in any case, but I’d like it twice over if I were in the country” (378). These elliptical lines enact Soares’s dichotomous relationship with modern urban life. The city offers the constant promise of stimulation and opportunity, but also underscores how isolated Soares is.

Soares’s Room

Soares’s rented room on the Rua dos Douradores is a symbol of isolation. Soares lives in this room by himself. It is a squalid space with “cracked walls” and overlooks “the poverty of the same old downtown streets below” (37). Soares asserts that this shabby environment doesn’t bother him, but he often remarks on how trapped he feels in this space. When he is home, he is most often lying on his bed and daydreaming or standing at the window and looking out at the city below. The “fourth-floor room overlook[s] infinity, in the viable intimacy of the falling evening” (348). Soares likes that he can look out and see Lisbon, but the repeated images of him cloistered in his room convey his separation from this same society. He lacks consistent social engagement outside the context of the office and lacks stimulation outside the context of his own wandering mind. The scenes set in this room illustrate how alone Soares is: “Me in this fourth-floor room, interrogating life!, Saying what souls feel!, writing prose like a genius or a famous author!” (16). Soares notes the simultaneous luxury and absurdity of his intense solitude in this moment. At times his aloneness feeds him, while at other times it depletes him.

Office

Soares’s office is a symbol of social entrapment. Soares must go to the office to work because he must pay his bills and support himself. However, the work bores him and the setting oppresses him. Soares is often desperate to escape the office as much as he is desperate to escape “the fourth floor [rented room] on the Rua dos Douradores” (16). The office setting represents his proverbial societal debt. He would choose not to work if he didn’t have to, but wouldn’t be able to finance his artistic life if he didn’t. He would rather quit his job and suffer the hazards, but also knows he would miss his bookkeeping responsibilities and his coworkers if he were to leave. He is attached to the structure of his office days despite how tedious, meaningless, and disillusioning they can be.

Window

Soares’s window in his rented room symbolizes Imagination as a Source of Meaning. Soares spends the majority of his time standing at his window and looking out at the city. The window offers him access to worlds beyond his own. When observing the city through the window, he studies the passersby, the shopkeepers, cars, and trains—all of which are fuel for his imaginary worlds. He collects images to use in his writing or to inspire new fictional worlds and characters. The real and the imaginary feed one another. The window acts as a physical and metaphorical portal to Soares’s dream life.

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