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Pip WilliamsA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section features discussion of graphic wartime violence and sexual content.
Peggy is given proof pages of Books 1 through 12 of The Odyssey by Homer, in the original Ancient Greek. She remembers the stories Ma would tell from the poem.
Peggy goes with Gwen to see the film The Battle of the Somme. Oberon brings the papers along with an obituary for Mr. Hart, whose death Peggy thinks of as another casualty of the war. Tilda’s postcards become more disjointed and lost; she says it is an offense that she loves Hugo.
In February 1917, Jack is finally able to come home on leave. He is exhausted and sick with influenza. Maude falls ill, and Peggy keeps Lotte away while she nurses her sister.
Peggy continues to spend time with Bastiaan. They discuss Homer and Euripides. Peggy explains that Calliope is named after the ancient Greek muse of poetry. Peggy admits that reading Jane Eyre, Pride and Prejudice, and Middlemarch, books by women, made her “want something [she] can’t really have” (259). Peggy thinks she will die a bindery girl.
St. Sepulchre’s has new graves for those killed in the war, including the grave of Mr. Owen. Peggy finds the beech tree near her mother’s grave, then finally looks at the gravestone and sees the inscription for Helen Penelope Jones, beloved mother, beloved friend. The engraving of an open book makes Peggy sob.
Peggy faints at the Press, ill with fever. Gwen nurses her. Tilda sends a postcard on the back of one of Iso’s pictures, a painting of Tilda in the hospital ward. Tilda mentions their wards are filling up with men who have the flu.
Peggy and Gwen discuss The Trojan Women, and Peggy recalls her mother’s opinion that Euripides made women powerful. Gwen suggests ways Peggy could get into one of the university libraries and borrow a book. Gwen doesn’t recognize Charlotte Brontë’s Villette, and Peggy is exasperated that Gwen gets to attend Somerville but is such a poor student. Gwen reminds Peggy that her studies are preparing her for little more than “[i]interesting conversations with men at dinner parties and women on committees” (271).
Gwen and Bastiaan visit while Maude cooks dinner, a dish Lotte taught her how to make using a small tune. Gwen says she talked with Miss Pamela Bruce about Peggy over tea. Miss Bruce suggested Peggy could be a good candidate for a scholarship. Peggy knows she has a scholar’s mind, but it’s a waste on a bindery girl. She accuses Gwen of having everything handed to her, but Gwen reminds Peggy that no one has yet handed her the vote. Peggy says people like her and Maude will never be given the vote because they don’t own property.
Peggy watches Maude and recalls how she dropped out of school, in part to earn income for the family, in part to help care for Maude. Gwen thinks Peggy has enough books on Calliope to start studying, and Bastiaan can tutor her in French. There will be an entrance exam and then another exam called Responsions, but Peggy wonders how she is supposed to learn Ancient Greek. Peggy realizes she has wanted this her whole life, and is now making excuses not to try.
Peggy and Maude start to sort through all the books on Calliope, finding the ones Peggy can use. She thinks of how her Ma loved reading and would ask Peggy questions. She finds a copy of Women’s Words.
Lotte comes over to cook and shows Maude how to catalogue the books. Peggy recalls that Lotte had been a librarian. Bastiaan still visits, but Peggy gets caught up in reading. Jack sends a letter describing the devastation he’s seen in Belgium. Bastiaan is upset and wonders what is left to go back to. Gwen advises Peggy to have a bit of fun now and then, but Peggy is determined to make the most of her studies.
Peggy starts to feel torn about spending time with Bastiaan when she wants to study. She is anxious about learning Ancient Greek. They make love. Bastiaan pours a libation of ginger beer onto the grave of a small child. Peggy wonders if he has yet found a resting place for all his dead.
Tilda is separated from Hugo. Her replacement is a woman named Vera, and Peggy remembers meeting her. Mrs. Stoddard, the forewoman, gives Peggy an alarm clock so she doesn’t miss work. Peggy understands that Mrs. Stoddard is encouraging and supporting her.
Tilda comes to visit on leave. She is shaky and drinking alcohol. She talks about the mutiny at Étaples and the Australian man who was shot because of it. There were severe repercussions after. Tilda still has to go back.
Ebeneezer gives Peggy a book that will help her study. Mrs. Hogg is unpleasant, and the word is that her husband is missing. Peggy snaps at Gwen when she is trying to help, but Gwen says she has arranged for Peggy to study at the Somerville library.
Peggy shares the poem “Death Among the Ears of Corn” with Bastiaan, and he agrees that the man who wrote the poem was not the same kind of German as those who sacked Louvain. Bastiaan says he wants to marry Peggy. She says, “I can’t be a wife and mother and a scholar as well” (307). She would have to choose. She turns down his proposal.
At the beginning of the January 1918 term, Peggy goes to the Somerville library. She has to explain herself to the porter, then to a nursing sister who bars her way on the stairs. Peggy refuses to let the other woman intimidate her: “I was not alone, I realised, in wanting something I was not born to have” (312).
The librarian, Miss Garnell, recognizes Peggy and welcomes her. Peggy is offended at the thought of being Gwen’s good cause, but Miss Garnell suggests that Peggy is adaptable. Miss Garnell has arranged a bay in the English literature section for Peggy to read in and hands her a book: Jane Eyre. Peggy reflects on how the books are all identical when they leave the bindery, but as soon as someone cracks a spine, a book takes on a character of its own. Peggy isn’t allowed to check out the books, so Miss Garnell invites Peggy to bring Maude with her when she studies.
Maude comes with Peggy to Somerville, and their twinship is a source of humor for the officers recuperating there. Maude folds while Peggy starts on Greek grammar. Maude gets bored and goes to sort returns with Miss Garnell. Miss Garnell praises Maude’s efficiency.
Gwen tries to pull Peggy out of the library to celebrate women getting the vote, but Peggy retorts that she still can’t vote.
Peggy sits for the entrance exam. Gwen has coached her not to be creative in how she answers the questions, but Peggy isn’t happy with her answers that seem to echo other people’s ideas. She rewrites her responses and is thrilled to think that “someone would read what [she] wrote, and […] they would consider it” (329). Gwen advises Peggy to enjoy herself before she starts studying for Responsions.
Peggy receives an offer for a full scholarship from Somerville. Peggy expects Maude to be upset, but Miss Garnell says Maude is adaptable, too.
Tilda writes that Peggy’s mother would be proud. Gently, she tells Peggy that Ma used to say she feared Peggy spent so much time looking back for Maude, she might never move forward. She also said Peggy might keep Maude from moving forward. Jack comes home on leave, and Maude spends time with him.
As Peggy returns to her study of the Odyssey in Greek, Miss Garnell points out how different the many translations are. As an example, she references the servant women Odysseus demanded be killed because they had slept with the men who had tried to court his wife. She reminds Peggy, “The words used to describe us define our value to society and determine our capacity to contribute” (336). Peggy digs into her studies. She comes across Bastiaan on a walk and misses him.
This section pursues a broader examination of the differences between men’s and women’s experiences of the war, education, work, and in domestic spaces, reflecting The Difficulties of Crossing Social Boundaries. As Aggie’s going off to work in the munitions factory indicates, the typical barriers are breaking down in the face of cultural upheaval and threat. While this results in larger political changes, like the expansion of the right to vote, Peggy’s efforts to gain admission to Somerville College provide a different example of challenging barriers of class as well as gender.
The depictions of the male experience of war continue with Bastiaan’s example of injury, recovery, and cautious reintegration into the world, adding more dimensions to The Challenge and Possibility of Healing After War. He lives the semblance of a normal life, though his scars attract attention from strangers. He is aware at all times that he is a displaced person, a casualty of war as much as are Louvain and the country of Belgium. The displacement of his roommate, the Serbian refugee Milan, is likewise an example of the effects and impacts of war more broadly. Jack’s experience is that of a soldier still in the midst of battle; his leave is frequently revoked as his skills are needed, and when he is home on leave, he is filthy, exhausted, and ill. His mother Rosie’s grief and concern for him reflect the further cost such service has on families—another impact of war.
The narrative given out by authorities, as with certain of the poems, addresses the valor and heroism that situations of adversity afford, and this is most displayed in the popularity of the film The Battle of the Somme. This was a black-and-white, silent documentary released in August 1916 that portrayed the experiences of British troops in the early days of the Battle of the Somme, which began in July 1916. The Battle of the Somme was an Allied offensive meant to weaken the Central Powers, but ultimately at great cost: Of the estimated three million men involved in the course of the battle, a million were killed or wounded, making it one of the bloodiest episodes of the war. The intention of the film was to boost morale and support for troops by giving audiences a realistic depiction of what their soldiers were facing. The film was enormously popular, with an estimated audience of 20 million during its months of showing in Britain. Williams contrasts the ideal of war heroism with two opposing images to this documentary: The picture of Tilda painted by Iso (the artist Isobel Rae, a real historical figure) and the poem The Odyssey, an epic poem of Ancient Greece about Odysseus, who has been separated from his homeland Ithaca due to the Trojan War.
Tilda’s letters increasingly show the emotional battering she is undergoing with the burden of nursing. She jokingly compares herself to a saint (252), but Iso’s portrait hints at the fortitude required to care unceasingly for the wounded and suffering. Moreover, Tilda is denied her own emotional support in that she is separated from the German doctor, Hugo, whom she comes to care for. While the men’s experience of suffering is shared and discussed in venues such as the film, the suffering and other emotional labor of the women is silent, perhaps only recognized and validated by other women.
Ma is referenced more as a character in this section, in part to illustrate Peggy’s inward struggle as she realizes that she, like her mother, responds to The Legacy of Literature and Ideas and wants it to be part of her life. In particular, memories of Ma comment on these themes that examine the nature of heroism, suffering, and the role of women. Ma asked Peggy to question how responsible Helen was for the Trojan war, and she admired the women given voice in the plays of Euripides, who frequently made women his subjects in plays including The Trojan Women, Iphigenia in Aulis, Electra, and Medea. Miss Garnell’s discussion about translation with Peggy touches overtly on the intricacies of translation as interpretation and the power of words to define, shape, and influence, but her particular instance from the poem shows the silenced suffering of women who are persecuted for no other reason than male pride and the notion of honor.
In contrast, Peggy admires female authors like Jane Austen, author of Pride and Prejudice, among others; Charlotte Brontë, who wrote Villette and Jane Eyre, and George Eliot, author of Middlemarch and other works. These novels often focus on women’s experience, offering a parallel and sometimes counternarrative to the works of men. These female novelists’ experience of working in a predominantly male field inspires Peggy, but at the same time, she faces an additional barrier in her ambition to enter Somerville, that of the requirement to learn Ancient Greek. This requirement becomes a symbol to Peggy of the leisure she does not have, as well as the education she gave up on in order to work at the bindery with Ma and Maude. Peggy still struggles to claim this dream and differentiate herself, though she is beginning to realize that becoming a scholar will require different kinds of sacrifice—the first being a future with Bastiaan as a traditional wife and mother.



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