49 pages 1-hour read

The Borrowed Life of Frederick Fife: A Novel

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2024

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Chapters 16-30Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 16 Summary

Content Warning: This section of the guide contains discussion of illness, death, child death, substance use, emotional abuse, child abuse, mental illness, and addiction.


At work, Denise is angry about her husband, who she fears may be having an affair. She also cannot determine why Bernard’s personality is so different and his dementia seemingly improved. She rushes off to bathe a resident named Ruby. While Ruby dresses afterward, Denise takes a drink from a bottle of liquor she finds among Ruby’s possessions.

Chapter 17 Summary

In the past, Hannah eagerly waits for her father to return home so that she can give him a birdhouse she has made for him. However, he brushes her aside when he returns. Hannah persists, but he tears the birdhouse from her hands and breaks it.


Late that night, Hannah hears a crash: Her father has broken Sadie’s favorite cup.

Chapter 18 Summary

Denise is at the computer when Kevin enters and noticing a splinter in her hand, removes it. Denise tells him she is fine and privately wishes it were true.

Chapter 19 Summary

Fred has learned how to pretend to take Bernard’s heart medication and then throw the pills out the window. However, when Denise enters to give him a suppository, he has no choice but to comply.


Later, as he retrieves a cup that he knocked under the bed, Fred discovers a shoe box containing an unopened letter from Bernard to his daughter.

Chapter 20 Summary

Fred looks through several photos of Bernard that are also in the shoebox; it is clear he resembles Bernard. He worries that Bernard’s daughter could expose him, though the returned letter suggests she wants nothing to do with Bernard.


At lunch, Fred sits with Valerie and Albert and marvels at Albert’s love for his wife even amid his confusion.

Chapter 21 Summary

One day Fred is able to trick Albert into eating and taking his pills after Albert refuses to do so for his wife. Valerie praises Fred’s kind manner, and Fred thinks back to his mother’s diagnosis with dementia and subsequent illness. When Valerie asks him about his family, Fred wishes he could talk about his late wife, Dawn. He thinks of Bernard and wonders what caused his estrangement from his daughter.

Chapter 22 Summary

In the past, Hannah overhears her mother and Sadie talking. Sadie fears that she might die and asks her mother whether there is an afterlife. Hannah pretends to be asleep when her mother comes to check on her and then hears her mother crying outside her door. Then, her parents argue: Her father is angry about what their mother told Sadie about the afterlife. They also fight about their respective work schedules before Hannah’s father leaves.

Chapter 23 Summary

While Fred is in the bathroom, he hears Denise discussing him with another nurse. Denise finds it odd that “Bernard” is no longer incontinent and that his memory and hearing seem to have improved.


The next morning, Denise enters Fred’s room to wake him after taking a sip from a vodka bottle. She is surprised to find that “Bernard” is wet; Fred has pretended to urinate on himself. Similarly, Fred fakes poor hearing and calls Denise by another name.

Chapter 24 Summary

One day, Fred discovers a debit card in Bernard’s drawer with a pin number attached. After learning that Patricia is among the residents allowed to leave the nursing home, he steals her two-seater motorized scooter, hiding Albert in the back.


They head to a nearby store to buy a suit for Albert, who thinks, as he often does, that his wedding date is approaching. Fred is relieved when the pin for the debit card works.

Chapter 25 Summary

Fred and Alfred return without any problems. After Alfred is safely returned to his room and Fred to his, Valerie brings Fred a fish and chips lunch. He has just begun to enjoy it when Denise bursts in, shouting that “Bernard” is allergic to fish. She gives him a shot with an EpiPen, and a doctor examines him.


After the doctor leaves, Fred works a puzzle. When he goes in search of a pen, he discovers another unposted letter from Bernard to his daughter. Fred decides to read it.

Chapter 26 Summary

Fred teaches Kevin some Vietnamese words while Kevin takes Fred’s blood pressure. Fred assures him that Linh will appreciate Kevin’s effort to learn Vietnamese.


Fred then prepares to head to the crossword puzzle club, but Denise brings a young woman to him, explaining that her name is Hannah and that she is his—i.e., Bernard’s—daughter.

Chapter 27 Summary

The adult Hannah is now shown in the narrative present. Hannah confronts “Bernard” about leaving after her sister, Sadie, died. Fred debates telling Hannah who he really is, but before he can decide, Hannah collapses. Fred shouts for help. Kevin helps Hannah up, and she explains that she is newly pregnant.


Once her blood sugar has gone back up, Hannah resumes the conversation, telling Bernard that she hoped that he would apologize for abandoning her. Fred does and then gives Hannah Bernard’s unmailed letter.

Chapter 28 Summary

Back at her home (and still in the narrative present), Hannah is angry. She recalls that just as Sadie’s 13th birthday arrived, she died, and their father failed to attend the funeral. Her anger mounts, and she throws Bernard’s letter in the trash. Unable to slow her rageful thoughts, Hannah begins writing them down. Then, it occurs to Hannah that when she met with Bernard that day, something was off: His eyes appeared kind for the first time ever.

Chapter 29 Summary

While Fred and Albert are playing chess one day, Fred confesses to Albert that he is not Bernard, but Fred. Albert, because of his dementia, does not understand what Fred is confessing, still certain that Fred is his brother. However, as Fred recounts the story of Bernard’s body falling into the river, Denise overhears. She chalks the conversation up to dementia and to Fred enjoying pretending to be Albert’s brother.


She thinks about her own life and the stress of her marital problems with Greg as well as the struggles to raise two young daughters. Now that one of them has recently been diagnosed with anxiety and a sensory processing disorder, Denise has an explanation for the daughter’s tantrums, but this has not made them any easier to manage.

Chapter 30 Summary

Fred is awoken one morning by Albert, who thinks it is his wedding day. Fred gets an idea and asks Linh and Kevin to help: He arranges for a “wedding” to take place at happy hour. When Valerie arrives for her visit, she is delighted by what Fred has planned. Albert, too, is delighted throughout the wedding, especially by the best man’s speech that Fred gives.


As Fred speaks, Hannah enters, determined to tell “Bernard” the angry thoughts she withheld from him the other day. She sits down, but as she listens to Fred’s speech, she cannot believe that he is her father. She decides to leave and never return.


The post “wedding” party continues, and Fred is happy to see Kevin ask Linh to dance.

Chapters 16-30 Analysis

As Fred spends more time living as Bernard, he learns he must become Bernard in all ways possible. This necessitates more lying, raising the question of The Ethics of Deception. Whereas before he merely resigned himself to life Bernard, he now takes active steps to ensure that his true identity is not found out, ranging from pretending to consume Bernard’s medication to forcing himself to use adult diapers. Further complicating matters is the fact that Fred profits from the deception in various ways, as evidenced by his mixed reaction to the misidentification of Bernard’s body. Though relieved not to be held responsible for Bernard’s death, Fred is saddened by the thought of “Frederick Fife” dying alone with no one to mourn him. It is a relief to Fred to have friends and to no longer have to worry about supporting himself—a task that he increasingly struggled with—but he often wonders how Bernard’s care is being paid for, indicating that he continues to feel guilt over the benefits he is receiving by assuming Bernard’s life.


At the same time, Fred makes himself useful in a variety of ways—for example, encouraging Kevin and Linh’s romance—demonstrating that his deception is not without benefits to those around him. However, it is the fake wedding that Bernard holds for Albert and Valerie that is Fred’s ultimate show of care for those around him. In the couple, Fred is reminded of himself and his late wife and thus is happy to honor their bond and commitment to one another. However, the significance of the moment goes deeper: Everyone knows that the couple is already married, but they play along with Albert’s dementia-induced misconception out of both kindness to Albert and out of admiration for him and Valerie. This suggests that deception can in fact be benevolent. That the “wedding” also proves to be a great opportunity for the nursing home staff and residents to have fun and enjoy one another’s company underscores Fred’s positive impact on others. The wedding vindicates Albert’s claim that Fred is “where [he was] always meant to be” (145), making what might seem a testament to Albert’s confusion an astute observation of Fred’s basic nature.  


Though in keeping with the motif of mistaken identities, the revelation that Hannah is Bernard’s adult daughter comes as a twist, as the narrative structure intentionally implied that Denise was Hannah’s mother. In truth, the scenes depicting Hannah’s childhood are flashbacks, and Denise is preoccupied not because her daughter has cancer but because she has a mental illness and developmental disorder. Thus, the reader is placed in the position that the people surrounding Fred are—that of believing a person to be someone they are not—inviting further reflection on the practical and ethical ambiguities of the situation.


The existence of Bernard’s daughter also furthers the theme of The Importance of Familial Bonds. The scenes from Hannah’s childhood provide context for the estrangement between Bernard and Hannah, encouraging readers to sympathize with Hannah for Bernard’s ill-treatment of her. The incident with the birdhouse illustrates Hannah’s relationship with her father: Her attempt to do something kind and loving for her father was not only ignored but met with violence. This marked a turning point after which Hannah made no further efforts to connect with her father. In his kindness and longing to connect with those around him, Fred is apparently Bernard’s opposite: He has always longed for a child and considers Hannah someone who might fill that void. Yet reading the letters Bernard wrote to Hannah (which Hannah refused to read) causes Fred to believe that Bernard was indeed remorseful for the way that he treated Hannah during her childhood. Repairing the bond between Hannah and Bernard therefore becomes one more way that Fred sets about Obtaining Meaning in Later Life. Given the depth of Hannah’s anger, this is not an easy task. However, the speech Fred delivers at Albert and Valerie’s “wedding” provides Hannah with an opportunity to witness Fred’s genuine kindness, which proves instrumental in Hannah warming to her “father” and considering establishing a relationship with him.


Denise’s personal conflict also centers on the complexities of family life. She remains determined to show up to work each day, and now it is clear what motivates this: Her child requires extra care, and Denise’s income is essential for providing that. However, having a child with a disability has strained Denise’s marriage in a way that parallels the dynamic between Hannah’s parents during Hannah’s childhood. That Denise uses alcohol to cope indicates that she is alone and without the resources she needs to help herself and her family.

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