57 pages • 1-hour read
Sarah DamoffA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of addiction, physical abuse, and death.
The oak tree by Lillan’s grave is a symbol that represents the inexorable passage of time and reflects the persistence of grief. The tree is present when Lillian is first buried, and every time Jet visits her mother until Ryan is buried beside her. When she first sees the tree, Jet sketches it, and realizes that by doing so, she is exploring her loss of Lillian: “On a dead tree, I sketch the living one. It’s only a baby. This paper could be its mom or sister or friend. I rip out the drawing and bury it and wonder if maybe I’m going a little crazy” (146). As she sketches the young oak tree, Jet realizes that the paper in her hands was also once a tree, now dead. The juxtaposition of a living subject on a dead medium elicits a vivid image of her relationship with Lillian, overwhelming Jet.
When Jet visits Lillian’s grave years later, the oak tree remains, though now bigger. Though the tree has grown over time, the pain Jet feels over Lillian’s absence does not shrink. With each passing milestone or conflict, Jet thinks of how Lillian may guide her. She seeks Lillian’s grave during crises, wishing her mother was still there: “I lie on my back beside Mom’s headstone in a sudden downpour. The oak tree at her grave is twice the size it used to be. I close my eyes and open my mouth, swallowing clouds whole and glutting myself on being alive” (196). This image of the fully-grown tree, while Jet reflects on being alive at the grave of her mother, shows how time keeps passing, no matter how much Jet may want it to stop or go back. Lillian is still dead, and the pain she feels over this may still feel as raw as it did on the day of Lillian’s passing, but she must keep moving forward.
The painting of Ryan and Elise that hangs in Elise’s house is a motif that reflects the theme of The Endurance of Love Through Crisis. Lillian first sees the painting when she meets Elise, and she sees a special relationship captured in an instant: “I look from the two of them in oil paint to the two of them in the flesh, and I’m struck again by the length of it, being someone’s child” (20). She can see the time that elapses between the moment in the painting and the present, but the bond still remains between them. The profundity of this relationship, being a parent, stays with Lillian, especially as she begins raising Jet and looking to develop that same strong connection. The painting is representative of how strong the bond between Elise and Ryan is, and even as the years pass by and Ryan becomes more estranged from his family, the painting remains on the wall.
After Elise’s death, Jet inherits her house and starts her family there. When Ryan visits, he sees the same painting on the wall, and to him, its presence demonstrates the constancy of the love of the women in his life. When he sees the painting, he also realizes how much time has gone by, and all the painting has witnessed: “I arrive at Jet and Kendi’s house at nine in the morning. My painting of Mom and me in my red overalls still hangs on the wall, even after the decades and the recent renovation” (250). The painting not only survives physical alterations to the space around it, but also the challenges Ryan and his family face. Even now, Jet preserves the bond Ryan had with Elise, and its presence proves that no matter what was happening, his family kept it up, a reminder of who he is and how he mattered to them. Its constant presence is a testament to the love the Bright women have for Ryan and their hopes that he could again become the Ryan they love.
The bottle that Ryan throws at Lillian in the early years of their marriage is a motif that reflects the theme of The Effects of Addiction on Loved Ones. The bottle marks the first time Ryan lashes out at Lillian because of his alcohol use, and Lillian’s perception of the bottle and what it means catalyzes the main conflict of the novel: “Ryan says we can’t afford a down payment, and when I open my mouth to respond, there’s a flying flash of darkness. I duck on reflex. Behind my head, a shatter. Shards jump, attaching to my skin like leeches” (61). When Lillian feels the bottle shatter, she is confronted with Ryan’s alcohol misuse and is forced to decide whether to stay or leave. Additionally, the simile that compares the shards to leeches attaching to Lillian foreshadows the struggles that lie ahead: Ryan’s addiction and the impact it has on Lillian and Jet will, at times, feel draining.
Even after the incident, the image of the bottle being thrown and shattering reappears in the narrative as it haunts Lillian. For her, it is the moment that demarcates the Ryan before and after he begins drinking, marking when he became two different people in Lillian’s mind: “I dream of Drunk Ryan and the stairs and the exploding bottle, and I wake up exhausted from the push and pull of it. I don’t know if he can stop drinking. I hope. Want. Believe, even. But I don’t know. Maybe he can’t” (100). As Lillian remembers the bottle, she also feels hopeful that he can overcome his guilt and stop drinking to punish himself for throwing the bottle. She describes the image of the bottle as contributing to the push and pull of her emotions, highlighting her fluctuating faith in Ryan. Even during times when she feels that he can, and her love for him swells, the memory of the bottle lurks in the background, reminding her of what Ryan can be at his worst, shaking her trust.



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