64 pages • 2-hour read
Stephen Graham JonesA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of graphic violence, death, racism, child death, and animal cruelty and death.
In The Buffalo Hunter Hunter, Jones uses Good Stab’s transformation from a Pikuni man into a vampire to explore how his cultural identity erodes under colonial influence, ultimately showing that survival in a colonized world threatens one’s morality. Jones develops Good Stab’s internal conflict around the conditions of his vampirism. Good Stab can feed on animals and white settlers, but the more he feeds on them, the more he becomes like them, shedding parts of his Pikuni identity. This drives a quandary within Good Stab and raises the question of what defines a person. Good Stab has been a Pikuni hunter all his life, but to remain a Pikuni, he will need to feed on his people. If he is contributing to the destruction of the Pikuni, then he is no better than the white settlers who came to claim the land from the Pikuni. The novel affirms this by the irony that he comes to look more like a white man as he hunts down the buffalo hunters who encroach on the Pikuni territory.
When Good Stab justifies feeding on the Pikuni, who are already in the process of dying, his problem temporarily resolves. He is affected, however, when those victims include people he has an emotional attachment to, including White Teeth, Yellow-on-Top Woman, and Yellow Kidney’s sister. After learning about Yellow-on-Top Woman’s death, Arthur asks after Good Stab’s conscience, eliciting this response: “If you ask why I hate myself […] I’ll tell you it’s because, by taking the lives of the elders, I’m stealing wisdom from the Pikuni. They’re the only ones who remember the old days, and the old ways” (249). Conversely, it also pains Good Stab to steal from the future of the Pikuni by killing the young.
Jones also reflects on identity as a product of moral choice in Arthur Beaucarne, who contrasts Good Stab in character. Arthur is constantly trying to distance himself from his past actions. When the author introduces him to the reader, he tries to prop himself up as the moral authority and center of Miles City, giving absolution to all who come to him. Yet Arthur constantly undermines himself with his actions. His indulgence of the treats that come to him from his parishioners points to his gluttony. Though he openly admits to these indulgences in his journal, he often tries to justify them, as if to suggest that he had done better by committing gluttony than letting them go to waste.
More crucially, Arthur uses his social position to condescend to Good Stab and validate racist views of Indigenous American people. At the end of the novel, Arthur’s letter reveals that he had justified the Marias Massacre as an act God sanctioned. When pressed to explain the motivations for the massacre, Arthur declares: “[Y]ou were just Indians!” (303). Arthur’s moral bankruptcy shows that he is unfit to hold his office while also representing the ideals of the colonialist endeavor. No matter how hard he tries to bury his past, his words and his actions push his true nature back to the surface. This underscores that identity not only depends on the way one acts but also on the way one continues to regard the memory of those actions and their repercussions. Centuries after his transformation, Good Stab continues to seek justice for the wrongs that led to the death of his world.
Jones presents Good Stab’s downfall as a direct consequence of greed, illustrating how the unchecked desire for power—a corruption directly tied to colonialist endeavors—separates individuals from their cultural traditions. At the start of his narrative, worldly concerns drive Good Stab. Good Stab wants to obtain a repeating firearm to improve his hunting yield and elevate his social status to a level he thinks is worthy of his place in life. The accident with White Teeth drives home the fact of his low status among the Small Robes. During the ascent to Chief Mountain, Hunts-to-the-Side orders around Good Stab like an assistant, despite his age and experience. Good Stab’s resentment compels him to kill the beaver and destroy his lodge, turning his back on nature, which goes against the Pikuni way of life. In telling this story, Good Stab frames this moment as a point-of-no-return: “It was my first step into the darkness, Three-Persons. My first step into this long night I live in now” (64). Because he focuses on killing the beaver and skinning it, he stalls his party, which leads to their massacre by the white soldiers. The long night that Good Stab speaks of refers to his transformation into the creature that Arthur will later refer to as nachzehrer, but it also refers to the curse of living on as the Pikuni world dies around him. This turns Good Stab’s story into a cautionary tale against greed, for which he goes on to live a cursed life.
The consequence of turning his back on nature is that Good Stab becomes perpetually hungry for blood. Jones turns blood into a symbolic material good that represents life itself. For Good Stab to take the blood of others, he must rob them of their lives. He fundamentally becomes a creature that lives off his body’s greed, a trait he inherits from the Cat Man. Although the Cat Man’s true origins are left unknown, Jones specifies that the Cat Man was brought to Montana Territory from Europe. This underscores that Good Stab’s insatiable greed is inextricably tied to the colonialist project. Jones expands on this connection by making the event of Good Stab’s death coincide with the historical Marias Massacre. The violence of mass murder pushes survivors like Good Stab to resort to greed to survive an increasingly harsh world.
Good Stab pushes back against this through his one-man war with the buffalo hunters. He resents the way greed wastes the gifts of their environment, killing the buffalo only for their skin while leaving the rest of their bodies to waste. Nevertheless, in Chapter 18, Good Stab is horrified to learn that the Pikuni have resorted to hunting buffalo the way white hunters do: “I never would have believed Pikuni would do this to the blackhorns. Because it was doing to themselves” (267). The greed that defines the most monstrous aspects of his nature has begun to seep into the Pikuni way of life as an aftereffect of the violence the white colonialists inflicted upon them.
This culminates in the final act of Good Stab’s confession, in which he narrates the Cat Man’s reign of terror over the Small Robes. The Cat Man leverages his power to upset the Small Robes’s cultural practices and indulge his greed. His desire to feed on Kills-in-the-Water ultimately scatters the Small Robes, leading to the end of Good Stab’s band as he knows it. Ironically, the only way Good Stab can defeat the Cat Man is to use his greed against him, poisoning the blood of Kills-in-the-Water after feeding her to the Cat Man. Jones implies that this is the ultimate consequence of Good Stab’s greed. While Good Stab merely wanted to elevate his status in the community, his unchecked ambition and ego drove him to act against his values and morals, which represents a turning point in the history of tensions between the colonial settlers and the Pikuni. At the end of his confession, Good Stab is left to face the world alone.
Jones’s novel traces the elusive quest for justice and shows how the willful actions to erase or suppress history obstruct that quest through the intertwined narratives of Good Stab, Arthur, and Etsy—each of whom must reckon with personal and ancestral sins. At first, Good Stab sets out to seek retribution against the buffalo hunters for destroying the Pikuni ecosystem. When his great sin of Kills-in-the-Water’s murder coincides with the scattering of the Pikuni bands, Good Stab is forced to seek absolution in other ways. He turns toward resolving the great crime against the Pikuni that is left unresolved: the Marias Massacre.
Seeking justice for the massacre is one way that Good Stab can prove that his eternal life can continue to serve his community. Were Good Stab to isolate himself on Chief Mountain, he would continue to live with the guilt of his actions, never finding peace. Instead, Good Stab seeks vengeance against the perpetrators of the massacre, feeding on them as punishment for their actions. This includes discovering the role that Arthur played in the violence, which motivates his appearance throughout Arthur’s narrative.
From Good Stab’s perspective, the tension between him and Arthur revolves around getting Arthur to take responsibility for his actions. Arthur repeatedly tries to distance himself from his sins, either justifying his gluttony as respect for his parishioners’ gifts or disavowing the actions of the soldiers he accompanied to the massacre. Good Stab uses Arthur’s faith against him to get him to admit his fault. Tied to the cross of his chapel, Arthur uses various excuses to explain his participation, from following orders to building a new nation. This contradicts his fresh account of the massacre, as recounted in the letter that he tries to burn at the start of the novel. In this account, Arthur directly tells Joe Cobell that it is better to kill the Pikuni than to let them live. Arthur actively tries to suppress the past, even going so far as to bury his transcription of Good Stab’s confession in the walls of his parsonage.
This drives the moral dilemma of Etsy’s narrative, in which she finds herself faced with the opportunity to provide restitution for her ancestor’s sins. At first, Etsy’s ambition defines her, which creates resonance between her and Good Stab before his transformation into a nachzehrer. Though her colleagues, who refuse to believe her findings, destroy that ambition, Etsy takes the journal’s content to heart and accepts that Arthur continued to bury the truth to the end of his life. When she learns that Arthur isn’t dead after all, she finds herself faced with the opportunity to offer him up to the justice of the Pikuni. Like Good Stab, Etsy is the last of her family line, and even though Arthur’s survival gives her a chance to connect with her past, she chooses to prioritize justice instead by destroying Arthur’s body during the memorial ride for the Marias Massacre. This proves that her devotion to academic pursuits isn’t a conduit for vanity. Rather, she uses her research to speak truth to power, even if the justice she seeks is for an event that happened long ago in the past. Etsy and Good Stab’s resolve to seek justice affirms the value of the Pikuni lives that were lost during the massacre.



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