29 pages • 58-minute read
Nikolai GogolA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Chertokutsky, the protagonist of “The Carriage,” is the only resident of B— whom the narrator introduces in any depth. He is a minor aristocrat, prosperous landowner, and former cavalry officer. Prior to the beginning of the narrative, he had to resign his commission because of “a certain incident of the kind that’s usually called ‘an unpleasant story’” (184). However, he has not lost any of his former prestige, continuing to attend regimental balls across the country and aggressively mingling with other high-ranking military men at social events. Although he no longer wears his uniform, his clothes mimic that uniform: For example, he wears spurs on his boots and a tailcoat with a high waist in the military style. He also maintains his mustache so that other noblemen will not mistake him for a member of the infantry, which is often derisively referred to as “the infantile-ry” or “the infanitarium” (184).
As his manner of dress indicates, Chertokutsky is the primary figure through which the story critiques The Performance of Class. Chertokutsky is obsessed with maintaining his social status, and he does this by both cultivating valuable interpersonal relationships and accumulating the most lavish and expensive material objects he can find. He hosts a lavish dinner for his fellow noblemen at which he asks them to elect him marshal of the nobility; this request accompanies a promise to keep his supporters on “the very best footing” (185). He also spends the dowry he received from his wife’s family on “six truly excellent horses, gilded locks for the doors, a tame monkey for the house, and a French butler” (185). However, it is unclear how successful Chertokutsky actually is at climbing any social or political ladders. Despite the fact that he is a “substantial” and “proper” landowner, his interactions with other characters are often marked by bumbling mistakes and desperate neediness. His attempt to conceal himself beneath the leather apron mirrors, in a literal way, other efforts he has made to hide his lack of emotional or interpersonal depth.
Like her husband, this character develops the theme of Depth and Shallowness, embodying concepts like vanity and immaturity; unlike Chertokutsky, she demonstrates how these concepts inflect the private sphere of the home. Readers learn little about her—not even her first name—aside from the fact that she is physically beautiful and has lived in some degree of luxury since she was born. When she married Chertokutsky, she brought with her a dowry of “two hundred souls and several thousands in capital” (184), which suggests that her parents were also wealthy landowners, perhaps even aristocrats. Her youthful bloom and unspoiled nature are emphasized in several scenes, even when she is engaged in ordinary daily activities. When a drunk Chertokutsky arrives home from the general’s dinner, for example, he sees his wife sleeping “in the most enchanting position” (190); when she wakes the following morning, she bathes in “water that was as fresh as herself” (191).
This sense of domestic innocence shatters with the slightest interruption from the masculine world of political elections and military campaigns. When she sees the regiment’s carriages approaching the home, Chertokutsky’s wife panics immediately, and in a scene of comedic anarchy, tramples the carefully planted flowers in her rush to get out of sight. She refuses to take any responsibility for letting Chertokutsky oversleep, telling him in “an extraordinarily languid and pleading voice” that she felt sorry for him because he arrived home so late (193). This—along with her use of “poopsie-pooh” as a nickname for her husband—suggests that she is accustomed to using both her beauty and her perceived naivete to avoid conflict, labor, or the demands of the world outside the home.
The narrator describes the general as “hefty and corpulent” with a “deep, imposing bass voice” and (185)—like the other officers—a mustache that he frequently smooths. He is well-liked by the soldiers in his regiment, who describe him as a good commander and clearly wish to please him. He enjoys expensive food and drink, card games, and socializing with others of his station. He also appears to place great emphasis on decorum and respectability and is shocked when other people do not conduct themselves as he expects. When Chertokutsky is apparently absent from his home after the guests arrive, the general assumes it is a joke, saying “That’s a good one!” (194). Even after the footman makes it clear that it is not a joke, the general cannot process what is happening, saying, “How can that be?” and “But really, how can anyone behave like that?” (194). He does not understand how someone of Chertokutsky’s rank could make such a grievous social error and expects those of a lower social status to explain the situation to him. Indeed, as the general continues to ask the other officers what is happening, the narrator points out that the general “had the habit of always uttering this interrogative participle when speaking with a subaltern” (194). Thus, despite his much higher position in the social hierarchy, the general frequently relies on the insight and intelligence of those who are in his service.
The narrator simultaneously draws the reader closer to the story by using an intimate, conversational tone and distances the reader from the story by emphasizing his or her own unreliability. Thus, while the narrator is never identified by name, they play a critical role in the structure and tone of the text. When describing the village of B—, they use phrases like “when you drive” and “you’d feel,” which suggests that the reader—along with the narrator—is familiar with the landscape and might even be a participant in the story. However, the narrator also calls their own accuracy into question at several points: For example, they say, “I am very sorry that I cannot recall what the occasion was that prompted the brigadier-general to give a big dinner party” (183). While this turn of phrase adds a layer of humanity to the narrator’s presence, it also implies that the reader has reason to wonder if the story is true and to speculate about what might be missing from the narrator’s account.



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