55 pages 1-hour read

The Clan of the Cave Bear

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1980

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Chapters 22-28Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of bullying, gender discrimination, sexual violence, rape, ableism, pregnancy loss, animal cruelty and death, substance use, graphic violence, illness, death, and physical abuse.

Chapter 22 Summary

Ayla proudly shows Iza that Durc can lift his head, a sign that he might not remain weak as the others feared. Creb agrees this is a good omen and decides it’s time for Durc to have his totem ceremony, despite his young age. He also decides that Ayla should be initiated as a medicine woman since Iza is too ill to travel to the Clan Gathering, with Uba also learning alongside her.


As the Clan prepares to depart for the Gathering, Iza stays behind. Before they part, she gives Ayla the sacred roots needed for rituals, officially recognizing her as the medicine woman of the Clan. Ayla, Uba, and the others set out on the long trek east across the steppes and through swamps, enduring harsh conditions, smoke from prairie fires, and sightings of massive herds of animals. Eventually, they reach the mountains.


Upon arrival at the host clan’s cave, Ayla’s presence as a Cro-Magnon woman, one of the Others, causes uproar. Brun and Creb insist she is Clan and a medicine woman of Iza’s line, and the host clan reluctantly allows them in. The Gathering begins with competitions and preparations. Later, Ayla shocks the others by approaching the captive cave bear being kept for the bear ceremony and scratching its head through the cage.


Afterward, she and Uba are approached by Oda, a young woman with an infant daughter, Ura, who looks like Durc. Oda confides that her child is considered “deformed” and fears she will never find a mate. She proposes that Ura be promised as a mate for Durc when they are grown, since both children share similar traits. When Oda recounts how one of the Others once sexually assaulted her, Ayla finally pieces together how her own son was conceived. Though disturbed by the realization, she resolves to secure Ura as Durc’s mate, seeing it as a way to ensure her son’s future.

Chapter 23 Summary

Ayla gradually becomes less of a novelty among the many assembled clans. Attention shifts instead to hunting, foraging, firewood collection, and the logistics of so many people living together in one place. Brun uses his leadership skills to negotiate with other clan leaders and manage the inevitable disputes.


When the competitions conclude, with Brun’s Clan having performed well, preparations begin for the central event: the bear ceremony. The morning of the ritual, the Mog-urs begin their prayers to Ursus. The captive cave bear, purposely kept hungry and agitated, is brought into the ritual. Three of the young men, Broud, Gorn, and Voord, climb the enclosure to face it. In the struggle, the hunters force a log into the bear’s mouth to hinder it, but Gorn is killed in the process. The hunters’ spears eventually bring the bear down. Creb comforts Gorn’s grieving mate, telling her that Ursus chose Gorn to accompany him to the spirit world. The bear’s blood is shared among the clans, its body is prepared for the feast, and its skin is mounted outside the cave to “witness” the celebrations.

Chapter 24 Summary

The Mog-urs meet to decide whether Ayla may prepare the sacred ritual drink in Iza’s place. At first, there is strong opposition, but Creb argues that Ayla bears the totem scars of the cave lion and that Iza entrusted her with the sacred red pouch of roots. One by one, the other Mog-urs give their approval. The decision is made: Ayla will prepare the ritual drink. Creb hurries to tell her, and Ayla rushes to cleanse herself in the icy river and gather the necessary plants. Terrified she might fail, she follows the steps Iza taught her and prepares herself for the ceremony.


That night, the ceremonies begin with drumming, chanting, and ritual dances. When Creb gives the signal, Ayla steps forward. Naked and painted, she chews and spits the roots into a sacred bowl, creating the white liquid of the ritual drink. She distributes it as instructed, though she accidentally prepares too much. Afterwards, while the women dance in a frenzied rhythm, Ayla drinks the leftover potion herself. The drug overwhelms her, sending her stumbling deep into the caves, where she inadvertently comes upon the Mog-urs conducting their most secret and sacred rite. Horrified, she watches them consume the brain of the fallen hunter Gorn to bind his courage to the entire Clan.


The sight drives her into a psychic void. Creb senses her presence and saves her by forming a mental link with her. Through the bond, Ayla experiences the ancient racial memories of the Clan and glimpses humanity’s future. Creb, in turn, sees that the future isn’t of the Clan, but from a different, newer branch of people. Overwhelmed, Creb forces her away, commanding her to leave before she is discovered. Though Creb knows Ayla committed the greatest transgression imaginable by witnessing the secret rites, he cannot bring himself to condemn her. Ayla flees back to the women, collapsing into an exhausted sleep beside Uba as dawn breaks.

Chapter 25 Summary

After the Clan Gathering, Goov notes how weary Creb appears, and the Mog-ur himself reflects that his time is nearing its end. Meanwhile, Ayla wakes the morning after the rituals in a daze and is distraught when she discovers that the ceremonial bowl has broken. For Creb, it signifies the end of an era and the ancient traditions. He warns Ayla to never mention what she saw again.


On the journey home, Creb lags behind, weakened by age and sorrow. Brun sends Ayla back to help him. Though Creb initially resists her care, he eventually allows her to aid him again.


When the Clan finally returns to their cave, they are met with the news that Dorv died during their absence, and Iza’s health is failing. Ayla rushes to her, horrified by how frail the woman has become. Despite her desperate efforts, nothing Ayla does helps.


In her final moments, Iza tells Ayla that she cannot stay with the Clan once Broud becomes leader, as he will destroy her. Instead, she tells her to seek out her own people, the Others. With Ayla and Uba at her side, Iza dies. Creb joins them, and the trio grieve the loss.

Chapter 26 Summary

After Iza’s death, Ayla withdraws from Durc, unable to nurse or care for him, leaving Creb to bring the hungry baby to other women. Oga, who always has abundant milk, takes him in often. Creb also prepares Iza’s body for burial, coating it with red ochre and cave bear fat, and Ayla gathers armfuls of flowers to lay in her grave. She also places the broken ceremonial bowl alongside her, believing Iza should take it with her.


A great funeral feast is held. Ayla is consumed with grief and guilt for leaving Iza to go to the Gathering, and she flees. She eventually collapses on the bluff above the cave. Brun retrieves her, but by then her milk has dried up, and she can no longer feed Durc at all. Broud forbids Oga to nurse him, but Oga refuses to obey, telling Broud it’s her right as a woman to nurse any baby she chooses. Broud, furious, hits her, then storms to Brun demanding action. Brun, however, supports Oga and reminds Broud that Durc is Clan and must be cared for.


Creb, meanwhile, blames himself for Durc’s loss of Ayla’s milk, falling into despair over both Iza’s death and his people’s decline. Ayla, too, continues to struggle with grief, spending long hours alone, practicing with her sling, and distancing herself from others.


One day, while watching Durc try to walk, Creb notices the blend of Ayla’s features and those of the Clan in the boy. For the first time, he realizes Durc is a mixture of both Clan and Other.

Chapter 27 Summary

Uba undergoes her first woman’s trial. Though frightened, she follows Ayla’s advice and spends the required days of isolation in a small cave, with Ayla bringing her food and comfort. Soon after, Uba is formally mated to Vorn in a ritual conducted by Creb and Goov, while Ona is mated to Borg. Creb’s hearth is left with only him, Ayla, and Durc. Ayla and Creb both feel the absence of Uba, as their own relationship remains strained.


Ayla continues to care for Durc and spends her time hunting and gathering. Though others view Durc as a child of the Clan, he senses that his mother is different from the others. Meanwhile, Ayla remembers Iza’s final words, urging her to find the Others. The thought of what is coming under Broud’s eventual leadership scares her, but she cannot imagine abandoning Durc.


A visitor named Vond arrives from one of the other clans, seeking Ayla’s healing knowledge to help his sick mother. Brun considers her future again, knowing something will have to be done about her eventually. However, he decides to delay the decision and leave the matter to Broud once he becomes leader, reasoning that he has matured enough to see past his resentment.


Later, Uba becomes pregnant, only for her joy to turn to anguish when she stops feeling movement. Despite Ayla’s efforts with medicines, the pregnancy fails. With Ovra’s help, Ayla induces labor, only to learn that the baby was actually a pair of malformed twins who had not properly separated. To protect Uba, Ayla and Ovra conceal the truth from the rest of the Clan by telling them it was a normal stillborn son. Ayla then takes the wrapped remains away to leave them for scavengers so that no evidence remains.

Chapter 28 Summary

Ayla comforts Uba and cares for Durc, but her anxiety grows as the Clan prepares for the coming leadership and Mog-ur succession ceremonies. That night, she has a nightmare, leading to a reconciliation with Creb.


The ceremonies of succession take place, with Creb giving a final performance as Mog-ur before handing his role to Goov. Brun then formally steps down as leader, and Broud assumes command. The feast is subdued, but Ayla continues to feel restless and fearful.


The next morning, Broud announces his decisions as leader. He names Vorn as his second-in-command, declares he will take Ayla as his second mate, and announces that Durc will be separated from her to live with Vorn and Uba. Broud then humiliates her further by also declaring that Creb must give up his hearth to Goov. Ayla, unable to stay silent, angrily confronts Broud, who in turn demands that Goov curse Ayla with death.


The argument is interrupted by a massive earthquake. Everyone flees outside as the cave collapses. Ayla, however, realizes that Creb is still inside and rushes back, only to find him crushed beneath a fallen boulder near Iza’s burial cairn. She performs the burial gestures over him herself.


When she emerges to tell the Clan what happened, Broud, frightened by the earthquake and desperate to deflect blame, insists Ayla caused it and demands again that she be cursed. Goov reluctantly performs the death curse. Ayla accepts her fate, but pleads with Brun to protect Durc after she’s gone. Though he cannot openly defy Broud, he promises to care for the boy.


Ayla then prepares to leave, packing supplies and her belongings. Durc begs to go with her, but she refuses, entrusting him instead to Uba. Before leaving, she confronts Broud, declaring that though he has cursed her, he cannot make her die. Brun, in front of the Clan, openly admits that Ayla has shown more courage than Broud. As Ayla finally leaves, the last thing she hears is Durc crying out for her.

Chapters 22-28 Analysis

In the final chapters of the novel, Ayla’s coming-of-age journey is completed. Ayla fully comes into her own as an adult member of the Clan, and after years of training under Iza, she is officially acknowledged as a medicine woman. Ayla’s status is no longer that of an odd, orphaned girl. Instead, she is a mother and a healer respected, albeit cautiously, by her community. By the time the Clan departs for the Clan Gathering, Ayla has been entrusted with the sacred duty of preparing the ceremonial drink for the Mog-urs’ ritual in Iza’s stead.


However, even as Ayla attains a recognized place and purpose within the Clan’s social structure, the final chapters show how unbridgeable the divide is between her and her adoptive people, invoking Cultural Difference and the Struggle for Acceptance. Ayla’s nature has been constantly at odds with the Clan’s strict traditions, and in the concluding chapters, that tension reaches a climax. The other clans’ initial rejection of Ayla making the ceremonial drink is one clear example: Their instinct is to forego tradition rather than allow a woman of the Others to participate. Brun’s own Clan only earns the right to have Ayla perform the ritual by proving their supremacy in the Gathering’s competitions, essentially defending her legitimacy through feats of traditional male prowess. Ayla’s acceptance is thus precarious, conditional on exceptional circumstances and the grudging tolerance of the elders. Auel shows how, while individuals like Brun, Iza, and Creb come to love Ayla, the culture as a whole cannot truly change for her.


It’s in these chapters that Auel makes her most direct references to real archaeological evidence in the deaths of Iza and Creb, speaking to Ritual, Belief, and the Origins of Culture. While the cave in the novel is fictional and located somewhere on the Crimean Peninsula, she draws heavily from the real site of Shanidar Cave in Iraq—in particular, two of the Neanderthals whose remains were discovered there. Creb is based on Shanidar 1, an elderly male who exhibited multiple physical disabilities. He has a crushed left eye orbit, a missing right forearm with associated atrophy, and degenerative joint disease. Researchers take the remains as evidence that Neanderthal social life included sustained caregiving for individuals with disabilities into older age. For Creb, Auel faithfully recreated the physical traits of the individual.


While Iza isn’t a direct analogue to one of the Neanderthals buried there, her burial was. Shanidar 4, better known as the “flower burial,” was a man discovered with clumps of pollen in the sediment around the body. It was interpreted as coming from flowers placed deliberately with the dead, helping humanize Neanderthals in the public eye. Auel has Ayla, not one of the Clan, be the one to put the flowers in Iza’s grave, reasoning, “[They] were Iza’s tools” (450). However, re-analysis of the pollen has pushed back on the hypothesis that it was the result of deliberately placed flowers. Alternatives include rodent activity or bee burrows. While flowers may not have been placed as part of burial rituals, the remains in the cave do show other signs of intentional placement.


On a character level, the long-simmering conflict between Ayla and Broud reaches its tragic resolution, concluding the novel’s exploration of Gender Roles and Female Agency in Patriarchal Societies. When Brun and Creb decide to step down from their respective positions, Broud finally ascends to the leadership role he craved. However, instead of moving past his previous grudge as Brun hoped, Broud immediately abuses his new authority to exact revenge on Ayla. He calls a Clan meeting and makes a pronouncement that Ayla will become his second mate, but says Durc will be taken to a different hearth: “I will not have a deformed child at my hearth” (483).


The decree stuns the Clan as their customs hold the bond between mother and young child as nearly sacred; a child has never been taken from its mother without cause before. Everyone present understands that Broud’s action is driven not by ritual or reason, but by sheer malice. After the earthquake destroys the Clan’s cave, the survivors gather themselves, and Ayla, now officially cursed and invisible to them, prepares to leave forever. She has no choice but to go, as the curse means any Clan member who acknowledges her existence would risk spiritual punishment. However, Brun, who has long struggled between duty and compassion for Ayla, still honors her one last time. He tells Broud in front of the others:


You still don’t understand, do you? You acknowledged her, Broud, she has beaten you. You did everything you could to her, you even cursed her. She’s dead, and still she won. She was a woman, and she had more courage than you, Broud, more determination, more self-control. She was more man than you are. Ayla should have been the son of my mate. (495)


In saying this, Brun vindicates Ayla’s worth and character completely and pays her the ultimate compliment within the patriarchal Clan framework. Though it’s a bittersweet victory, as she is forced into exile and permanently separated from her son, Ayla wins. She is the better, stronger person, and the future of humanity.

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