53 pages 1-hour read

The Confessions of Frannie Langton

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2019

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Parts 6-7Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 6: “The Old Bailey, 7 April 1826” - Part 7: “Newgate Prison”

Part 6, Chapter 40 Summary

In the court room at the opening of Frannie’s trial for the murders of the Benhams, the prosecutor Jessop is attempting to smear Frannie’s character. The way trials work at the Old Bailey is that the defense must improvise their response to the prosecution’s arguments. A doctor comes to attest to the fact that the Benhams were murdered and that the fetus in the jar came from Mrs. Benham. Linux then testifies, berating Frannie and saying that Meg was afraid of her. She says that Frannie went to Meg’s room the night she was murdered. She gives her account of finding the bodies, blaming Frannie. Frannie’s lawyer, Mr. Pettigrew, points out that she is speculating and accuses her of bullying Frannie as well as being prejudiced against her.

Part 6, Chapter 41 Summary

During a recess in proceedings, Mr. Pettigrew and the lawyer advising him, Mr. Tomkin, ask Frannie to explain to them what happened with the baby. She tells them that the baby was not Mr. Benham’s, and of how she returned to the Benham’s house. She tells them of Mr. Benham’s plan and Meg’s grief and her own love for Meg. She says that the reason the fetus was in the jar was because Meg wanted to bury it properly when she was well. They come up with a defense based on the state of deep sleep in which Frannie was found. They decide to highlight that it might have been induced by laudanum, which would have made it impossible for Frannie to form the intent of murder.

Part 6, Chapter 42 Summary

The other servants, except for Pru, testify for the prosecution. Their testimony makes Frannie appear to be addicted to laudanum and unwell because of it. At the end of the day, the judge says that the trial is taking too long and as it is Friday, they must finish it up on Monday.

Part 6, Chapter 43 Summary

On Monday, Pettigrew brings Frannie a new dress, which increases her confidence. Pettigrew calls the doctor back to the stand and asks him about the contents of Meg’s stomach, and why he did not search for or declare the presence of laudanum. The judge tells him to lay off this line of questioning. Pettigrew then asks about the wounds on Mr. Benham versus Meg, and why his were so much deeper than hers. He asks whether or not she could have died of an opium overdose. The doctor answers no, but is not confident. When he leaves the stand, Pettigrew calls another doctor, Dr. John Pears, but Pears is not in court. A different doctor, a Dr. Lushing must be called. Frannie doesn’t know what is going on. Lushing testifies to the fact that people can be put into trance-like states where, he argues, they do not hold moral responsibility. Jessop argues that this is ridiculous, and that Frannie cannot both not have murdered them and have done it in a trance.

Part 6, Chapter 44 Summary

Pru goes on the stand for the defense, but Frannie feels it is too late. Frannie then takes the stand herself. She swears to loving Meg and questions how often white men have been wrong, to the shock of the jury. When she looks up to the balcony, she envisions all the bodies she was forced to dissect at Paradise, encouraging her to go on. She tells the jury that Langton was her father and that he gave her to Benham. She mentions the two men’s wager over her intelligence. She tells the court that Langton started with experiments on cadavers, but moved on to living subjects, even forcing the enslaved people on his plantation to try to mate with an orangutang at one point. The court is horrified, and the judge yells for her to stop. Frannie asserts her innocence in the murders, saying that while she has helped to do terrible things, she has not committed murder. Jessop begins to question her, accusing her of being “savage.” He brings up the fetus again, to which Pettigrew protests and the judge agrees. Jessop accuses Frannie of terrorizing Meg, but Frannie thinks that Meg was terrorizing her.

Part 6, Chapter 45 Summary

Jessop submits his closing argument, calling Frannie’s defense fantasy. He urges the court to stick with facts and convict her.

Part 7, Chapter 46 Summary

Frannie writes that there is one more story left to tell. What follows is one of Langton’s journal entries from 1824, detailing his documentation of a 10-month-old child with albinism bought illegally alongside his mother, Calliope, from a neighboring plantation. Langton intends to experiment on him.

Part 7, Chapter 47 Summary

Langton plans to sell the baby boy’s mother and keep him on for experimentation. Frannie is horrified, particularly when he orders her to take a skin sample. She argues but he insists. Her hands shake so much that she cuts herself, and insists that she cannot do it. Langton leaves, saying they’ll continue tomorrow. Frannie sits holding the baby, listening to his mother cry at the door. She creeps over and tells her in a whisper when she should come get the baby and that she’ll have to run and not come back. Frannie decides to set the cane on fire as a distraction.

Part 7, Chapter 48 Summary

In court, the jury finds Frannie guilty and she is sentenced to death. Frannie accidentally shouts apologies aloud while still in court.

Part 7, Chapter 49 Summary

The day after the sentencing, Pettigrew brings Dr. Pears in. He apologizes to Frannie, telling her that he was assistant to the first doctor who testified who autopsied the bodies, and that Meg had not been cut until after she was dead. He says that there was evidence that Meg died of an opium overdose. Pettigrew berates him for ruining Frannie’s chances with his absence. Pears reveals he was threatened into not testifying by Sir Percy, Benham’s brother. Frannie is overcome, but Pettigrew tells her they’re submitting a transcript of Pears’ testimony to try to get leniency in her case.

Part 7, Chapter 50 Summary

Sal comes to visit Frannie. She relates the story of how she was claimed as property by the children of the man who brought her to London and had to use her savings to buy her freedom. She brings Frannie a letter from Miss-bella which was sent to the School-House. Miss-bella writes that she was cruel to Frannie when she told her Langton was her father, and that she wants to be cruel now. She tells her that Phibbah was her mother, and that the herbs in Miss-bella’s orangeade, the herbs that got Phibbah killed, were to keep Miss-bella barren.

Part 7, Chapter 51 Summary

Frannie remembers Meg writing, and calls for Pettigrew. Under her direction he finds Meg’s suicide note. As Frannie waits for her execution, she thinks about the sleepwalking defense and black magic and the carriage house, ruminating on the dark nature of losing one’s free will.

Part 7, Chapter 52 Summary

Frannie, knowing the truth of Meg’s death, decides she must confront the events of that night. Frannie remembers going downstairs into the party, ignoring Benham motioning to her not to make a fuss and telling Meg “This is death” (283). That morning, Meg had miscarried a baby girl due to having taken too much laudanum. She does not want to tell Benham and insists that they bury the fetus. Benham finds the sheets however, and wants to send Frannie away as he has no use for her now. She tells him that she knows his habits, how he is part of a club of gentlemen who hold sex workers against their will for months to abuse them, and how he permanently injured one of them. He demands Frannie stay then, worried about the damage she could do. Frannie says she’s staying to suit herself. Meg does not defend Frannie, though she wants her to stay. She asks her to stay upstairs during the party.


After the party, Frannie goes to Meg’s room. Meg still cannot bring herself to defend Frannie for fear of her husband. Both of them drink laudanum, Meg to the point of illness. Frannie goes to find Benham, telling him they should call a doctor. This devolves into an argument, with Frannie threatening to expose all of Benham’s sins. He attacks her, and she stabs him with the scissors she took to cut flowers for Meg. Frannie writes that she knows she hid the scissors in her bed upstairs, and that she doesn’t have a good answer as to why she brought them down with her. She goes back to Meg’s room, drinks more laudanum, and lies down next to Meg who comforts her as she falls asleep.

Part 7, Chapter 53 Summary

Frannie is pardoned for Meg’s suicide, but will still be executed for Benham’s murder.

Part 7, Chapter 54 Summary

Frannie and the other condemned women are taken to a chapel before their execution. As she listens to the sermon, Frannie thinks about how everyone she’s wronged is gone. In her head, she apologizes to Phibbah, Calliope, the babies, the bodies at Paradise, and Meg. She sends the manuscript she has written with Sal to Pettigrew, asking that he get it published. In her last moments, Frannie thinks of Meg, and how they will be together soon.

Parts 6-7 Analysis

Frannie’s trial is the final spectacle she is subjected to in London. She frequently comments on the public nature of the trial, and how one of the worst parts of it is being subjected to listening to everyone’s opinions of her with no power to combat them. This is even more cruel when the lack of care for her life is shown, with the judge saying the trial is taking too long. As Frannie phrases it: “English justice. The mirror and the sword. First, they force you to face yourself, then they force you to face death” (247). Frannie has no control over how others perceive her for most of the trial; she is only able to speak on her own behalf at the end.


The trial also forces Frannie to deal with the memories she has been repressing. Both her memories from Paradise and Langton’s experiments and her memories of the night of the murders come to light in the course of the trial. Forgetting and obfuscating her own experiences has long been a coping mechanism to deal with the horrible things she has experienced, her body reacting to the terror she feels at trying to remember. There is a fear in Frannie that she will find something in those memories that condemns herself: “My mind races. It’s my own self I’m trying to outrun. When I reach inside, there’s nothing. That trick, somewhere between remembering and forgetting – and the only refuge I have left” (244). She hides by forgetting and can only free herself from her terror by confronting the memories.


Frannie’s testimony, the revelation of her experiences at Paradise, and her remembrance of the night of the murders offer her freedom. Although she is still jailed and sentenced to execution, she has confronted what she can, the fears contained within herself. While it is upsetting that she ends her life in captivity, she reclaims some freedom by force, proving herself innocent of Meg’s murder and revealing what she feels she is truly guilty of at trial. Her desires for both freedom and visibility converge when she is declared innocent of Meg’s murder. She is free of the stain of guilt, her love for Meg is in the open, and this one small part of her self-image matches what the world sees of her.


The freedom she experiences is complex. There are injustices she cannot confront or escape, such as the trial and sentencing. However, by the end, she has reasserted herself within the narrative, making the story more complicated and realistic than the one that formed around her through the newspapers and prosecuting arguments. Her final act, sending her manuscript for publication, reflects this. She is not only freeing herself from being dependent on others’ stories about her, but she is also forcing her way into the world of white Englishmen that she has so long been shunned from by publishing her own story.


Though these chapters deal with many of Frannie’s sufferings and expose her to the derision of society, she also is experiences expressions of care. Her lawyer’s thoughtfulness in bringing her a new clean dress and his dedication to her case are examples of this, as are Pru’s testimony during the trial, defending Frannie and expressing her faith and friendship toward her. Sal, too, comes to Frannie, affectionate and thoughtful in bringing her favorite book. Though the trial is traumatic and its outcome is death, moments like these affirm that there are those who care for Frannie, and who are her friends.


Frannie’s love for Meg is also allowed final say. She is able, against the advice of her lawyer, to assert her feelings to the court. Being able to declare her feelings in public, as doomed as she is, is an openness she has never before been allowed. The manuscript itself allows Frannie to expose her reality, with her frankness on the nature of her and Meg’s relationship in a document she hopes will be published in a final triumph over those who wanted to erase her and her experiences and feelings. Her love has a private moment of triumph as well. Even at the end, having lost the trial and on the verge of execution, it is her love for Meg and her hopes of meeting her again that pierces through the terror and gives Frannie peace.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text

Unlock all 53 pages of this Study Guide

Get in-depth, chapter-by-chapter summaries and analysis from our literary experts.

  • Grasp challenging concepts with clear, comprehensive explanations
  • Revisit key plot points and ideas without rereading the book
  • Share impressive insights in classes and book clubs