The Covenant of Water

Abraham Verghese

84 pages 2-hour read

Abraham Verghese

The Covenant of Water

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2023

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Part 7Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 7, Chapter 57 Summary: “Invictus”

Lizzi’s baby, named Lenin Evermore after Doctor Kilgour’s pronouncements, is now nine years old. It is 1959, and a plague has come to his village—smallpox. His father and sister are already dead; he knows his mother is not far behind. He himself has yet to get sick, though he is starving. He walks to the local estate house, but they turn him away. Instead, a pulayar woman offers him some food: The residents of the estate house would not take the food they sent her out to buy, fearing the illness.


When he returns home, he sleeps next to the unconscious body of his mother. When he awakes, she is dead. A priest finds Lenin alone next to the body.

Part 7, Chapter 58 Summary: “Light the Lamp”

Mariamma, Elsie’s child, is now eight years old, and Big Ammachi adores her. Philipose has recovered from his opium addiction and is now a doting father, reading to his daughter in English. He has also found religious belief. When Big Ammachi asks Mariamma what she would like to do with her life, Mariamma thinks she might want to be a bishop. Big Ammachi says that she would have been a doctor if she had been granted the opportunity.

Part 7, Chapter 59 Summary: “Kind Oppressors and the Grateful Oppressed”

Lenin Evermore arrives at Parambil. The priest has written to Big Ammachi about the tragedy, and she has agreed to take the boy in—though it has been a year since this communication. Lenin himself believes that he survived because God was calling him to be a priest. He entered a seminary, but did not get along with the other trainees and priests. He was kicked out and tried to return to his family home, but he found that the landowner had burned down the village to make room for more farmland, leaving him homeless.


Big Ammachi and the others at Parambil quickly learn that Lenin is not the most well-behaved child. Mariamma, in particular, clashes with him, though she is also strangely fascinated with him. She herself enjoys breaking the rules—like swimming in the stream alone. Lenin, on the other hand, seems to want to conform to the rules even as he struggles to do so.


Meanwhile, Philipose’s friend Joppan has decided to refuse the offer to manage the estate at Parambil and instead works at sea, conducting trade. His status in the caste system makes it nearly impossible for him to gain a significant foothold in India. He has also been impacted by the growing influence of the Communist party in Kerala. The state will soon become the first place “anywhere in the world,” where the Communist party “won the majority of seats,” ultimately forming “the first democratically elected Communist government” (490).

Part 7, Chapter 60 Summary: “The Revelation of the Hospital”

The Malayali Christians have an annual meeting called the Maramon Convention; it has been held since the end of the 19th century. This year, a preacher from the United States has come to spread the word. Uplift Master has been called upon to translate. Lenin makes his way onto a bus to attend the convention. There has been more trouble for him at school.


The preacher begins his sermon in typical “fire-and-brimstone style” (495), which is not what the Indian congregation is used to. He admits to fornication and other sins, which Uplift Master mistranslates on purpose—this audience will not take kindly to such confessions. Instead, Uplift Master suggests that God wants a modern hospital in Parambil, that the district needs donations to make this happen. Big Ammachi comes to the front of the stage, giving all of her gold jewelry for the cause. Others follow, to “the astonishment of the clergy” (504).

Part 7, Chapter 61 Summary: “The Calling”

Big Ammachi is thrilled that there will finally be a hospital in Parambil. Mariamma is swept up in her grandmother’s excitement and intrigued by the sight of 14-year-old Lenin Evermore. Mostly, though, Mariamma listens to her grandmother’s insights: Big Ammachi believes that she might have been able to save her husband or JoJo—most importantly, that she might have been able to cure the family Condition—if she had been able to get medical training. This belief inspires Mariamma, and when she leaves for college, “she will set her sights on medical school” (508).

Part 7, Chapter 62 Summary: “Tonight”

Soon after Mariamma leaves for college, Baby Mol becomes ill. She has trouble breathing and must sleep sitting up. She recovers, but the incident upsets the balance at the estate in Parambil. Big Ammachi notices that the elephant Damodaran has not yet shown up, as he usually does at this time. His absence is unsettling, but not nearly as unsettling as Baby Mol’s lack of reassurance. Big Ammachi, noting Baby Mol’s prescience, has taken to asking her if she, Big Ammachi, will live through the night. This time, Baby Mol refuses to answer. Big Ammachi is now 79. She knows her time has come.


While Big Ammachi is sad that the elephant has not come, she makes her peace with Philipose and Anna. When morning comes, both Big Ammachi and Baby Mol are dead. Philipose silently mourns them before he announces the loss.

Part 7 Analysis

Lenin Evermore undergoes a series of tragic events: Smallpox decimates his family, leaving him the only survivor. The pulayan who gives him food when he is starving becomes like a “saint” to him; this event will be a formative experience, influencing Lenin for the rest of his life (471). After he is asked to leave the seminary—the pulayar woman tells him that “God spared you for a reason” (471)—he tries to return to his home. However, the wealthy estate owner has burned the place down for more farmland. This is the same landowner who refused to give Lenin any food when he was starving: “Lenin’s face is clotted with anger as he recounts this” (479). The loss of his family and home, not to mention the troubles at seminary and school, shape Lenin in ways that determine his destiny. Even his name suggests the shape of a life dedicated to fighting against The Injustice of Caste and Class.


Philipose, too, must confront the inequalities that are inherent to the estate and caste system in India. His friend Joppan was not allowed to attend school because of his status as a pulayan; though Big Ammachi taught him independently, it is clear that he was not able to reach his full potential. When Philipose offers him the position of estate manager, along with some extra land, Joppan turns it down in favor of working on the barge—a chance to explore his identity and freedom apart from the system: “What you see as being generous or as being exploitation has everything to do with who you’re giving it to” (487) he tells Philipose, adding: “It helped that my father believed that it was his fate to be a pulayan. He felt he was lucky to be working for Parambil!” (487). In contrast, Joppan decides to take a different path: “I can’t do much about being called a pulayan. But I can choose whether I want to live like one” (488). The Injustice of Caste and Class cannot be overcome by one person or in one generation, but Joppan is determined to forge his own fate.


Faith again plays a role in the lives of the Parambil family. The Maramon Convention, held each year since the late 19th century, gives the people of the Indian Christian community a chance to gather and reconnect with their beliefs. Ironically, as the narrator relays, “Malayalis of all religions doubt everything, except their faith” (491). At this particular gathering, held in 1964, the reverend who is to speak, the fictional Rory McGillicutty, takes the place of the actual Billy Graham, and his particular brand of evangelical preaching is new to this group. When the reverend begins speaking of his sexual indiscretions, his translator, Uplift Master, takes it upon himself to change the tenor of the message, using the opportunity to impress upon those gathered that a hospital is needed for the region; his justifiable self-interest will eventually result in a new hospital in Parambil. This hijacking of the reverend’s message is another iteration of The Will to Believe, as Uplift Master takes advantage of the reverend’s unearned authority, channeling toward the needs of his own community.


Still, as with previous sections of the book, this one, too, ends in tragedy: Big Ammachi and her daughter, Baby Mol, both die on the same night. At least Big Ammachi knows what is coming, thanks to Baby Mol’s preternatural prescience. She is able to make her amends with Philipose, even as she worries about the state of Elsie’s soul: “Drowning accidentally is terrible, but to drown oneself deliberately is a mortal sin,” she thinks (516). She doesn’t express her worry to Philipose. Instead she asks for his forgiveness. When he asks for what, she responds, “For everything. Sometimes we can wound each other in ways we don’t intend” (517). Big Ammachi dies knowing that Philipose has (mostly) recovered and that Mariamma will have someone to care for her.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text

Unlock all 84 pages of this Study Guide

Get in-depth, chapter-by-chapter summaries and analysis from our literary experts.

  • Grasp challenging concepts with clear, comprehensive explanations
  • Revisit key plot points and ideas without rereading the book
  • Share impressive insights in classes and book clubs