45 pages • 1-hour read
Margaret AtwoodA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
As The Edible Woman focuses on Marian’s struggle to accept the expected, traditionally feminine role of wife and mother following Peter’s engagement, the novel’s theme of Autonomy and Societal Roles plays a large part in Marian’s decisions. Marian's distaste for marriage is grounded on the loss of autonomy she will experience as a married woman; she loses her job, must rely on Peter financially, and must fulfill the social role of a wife and mother rather than pursuing her own individual autonomy.
Marian’s first act of resistance against the loss of her autonomy through Peter occurs on the night she runs away from him, Len, and Ainsley after being out at a bar: “I had broken out; from what, or into what, I didn’t know. Though I wasn’t at all certain why I had been acting this way, I had at least acted” (81). The freedom Marian experiences is directly tied to her ability to make an autonomous decision for herself, even if that decision is merely to run a few blocks away from her friends. By running, Marian attempts to assert her right to choose whether she wants to be in this relationship, but by not verbally expressing her emotions to anyone else Marian’s decision goes largely unnoticed by the others.
The unwanted commitment in her relationship with Peter unnerves Marian, particularly when Peter begins to show signs of wanting to know her inner life better. She notices that he would often look at her “as though if he looked hard enough he would be able to see through her flesh and her skull and into the workings of her brain” (161). This new habit unnerves her, as she cannot be sure what it is Peter is looking for. Marian’s character prefers to hide her emotions and keep her inner world concealed; as their marriage draws closer, the prospect of being known by Peter is directly linked to Marian’s new inability to eat certain foods. Fulfilling the role of a fiancée strips Marian of her right to a private inner life, and with the loss of this autonomy Marian’s body itself revolts.
This theme coincides with the novel’s discussion of identity formation in that Marion perceives her role as a fiancée to be crucial for Peter’s own masculine identity. She realizes her presence in Peter’s life has “evoked” his identity as a future husband, father, and household earner. She, as a woman dependent upon him, then has her loss of individual identity linked to her loss of complete autonomy. For Marian’s personal understanding of femininity and her role in society as a woman to agree, she must remain single and completely autonomous.
The Edible Woman discusses the role of traditional feminine values in Western society, academia, and interpersonal relationships. The protagonist Marian, a young woman who values autonomy over the expectations of her gender, grows to understand her own version of femininity first by comparing her own desires with that of the women in her life and secondly by asserting her autonomy when with her fiancé Peter or friend Duncan.
Marian’s roommate Ainsley serves as a foil of femininity as Ainsley’s understanding of what femininity requires of a woman in society is based on the traditional values taught in her psychological training. Ainsley seeks to have a child, as this would allow her to fully actualize her femininity. Ainsley believes “[e]very woman should have at least one baby […] it fulfills your deepest femininity’” (39). To appeal to Len Slank’s sexual preferences, Ainsley infantilizes herself, manipulates his desires, and uses him to her own advantage. Thus, Ainsley’s version of femininity is focused on the end result of having a child rather than honoring a version of feminine values that can coincide with her daily life.
Clara, Marian’s married friend who has three children, represents the traditional femininity of wife and mother. Both are roles Marian is quickly moving toward after becoming engaged to Peter. Joe reflects that Clara’s identity has been “invaded” in marriage and seeing to the demands of her child, implying that this version of traditional femininity requires the sacrifice of a woman’s autonomous identity. Joe places the blame on Clara’s disorganization and dissatisfaction on her university education, which at the time of Atwood’s writing challenged traditional values. He tells Marian that Clara’s “feminine role and her core are really in opposition” (259), as she is educated enough to see that her life is intellectually unsatisfactory. His answer to this problem is suggesting that to fulfill traditional femininity, a woman should remain out of higher education.
Compared to these two examples of traditional femininity, Marian’s character seeks a self-defined version of femininity that does not require her to sacrifice her autonomy or sense of self. This is best represented in the final scenes of the novel in which Marian bakes a cake shaped as a woman. Ainsley accuses her of rejecting her femininity, but Marian continues eating. She has fulfilled the expected feminine abilities of baking well and decorating only to present it to Peter with the accusation that he is attempting to assimilate her. When she begins eating it, Marian ingests traditional femininity, thereby acknowledging its influence but no longer allowing it to direct her life.
Due to Marian’s position at Seymour Surveys, her character is predisposed to understanding people through the lens of marketing and consumerism. These ideologies then influence the novel’s discussion of identity, as many of the characters base their identities upon the items they buy, clothes they wear, or food they eat.
Marian’s work focuses on translating survey questions to target generalized groups of similar people with predictable identities. Her work with the beer commercial requires her to seek out a specific audience of men more likely to be influenced by the advertisement (22). After she and Peter solidify their engagement, Marian’s reflections change her own identity into a consumable product: "He sounded as though he’d just bought a shiny new car. I gave him a tender chrome-plated smile; that is, I meant the smile to express tenderness, but my mouth felt stiff and bright and somehow expensive” (92). That her struggle to maintain a happy composure should be “expensive” implies not only the transactional nature of her disingenuous agreement to Peter’s proposal but also that she views herself and her identity as something that can be bought—even if the price is high. This belief continues through the novel and appears again when after hiding her engagement from Duncan’s roommates Marian retrieves her engagement ring from inside her purse, “from among the pennies, nickels, and dimes” (221) and puts it back on her finger.
A further connection between bodily identity and consumerism is displayed at Seymour Surveys’ women-only Christmas party. The party itself is located within the office building, a site responsible for managing the connection between predictable identities and consumerism. Marian becomes preoccupied with studying the bodies around her, noticing how easily her own sense of self can shift outside of her body and enter the larger “sargasso-sea” of a generalized feminine identity she takes part in with the other women. After her engagement is announced in this space, Marian notes how the conversations she has with her coworkers become more focused on the consumable aspects of her new identity as a fiancée: “As soon as the surprise-effect had worn off, the conversation became as remote and impersonal, on both sides, as the razorblade questionnaires: enquiries about the wedding, the future apartment, the possible china and glassware, what would be bought and worn” (120). The things “bought and worn” suggest an external identity dependent on consumable objects, but Marian is interested in understanding her internal, possibly unchanging identity as being uninfluenced by consumerism.
Marian’s character arc finishes in her consuming a cake shaped as a woman. In this sense, Atwood plays upon the two different implications of “consume” and switches from “consume” in a financial sense to “consume” in a physical sense. By making this shift and including her physical body in the process of consumption, Marian herself is able to assert her identity outside the influence of marketing, advertisement, and societal expectations. She brings the consumable object into herself, thereby introducing it to her perceived unchanging, internal identity.



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