38 pages • 1-hour read
A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of gender discrimination.
Within the Empire of Anh, mammoths are a symbol of In-Yo’s homeland, the frigid north. The people of the north ride mammoths both for everyday transportation and into battle, distinguishing them from their neighbors in Anh to the south. Vo positions the mammoths’ strong, formidable nature as suggestive of the north’s potential domination over Anh. At one point, Rabbit remembers that In-Yo’s mother had threatened to destroy Anh “with a battalion of mammoths to bring down the walls of the Palace of Gleaming Light” (24). Though In-Yo takes a more subtle tact at first, this allusion to the historical tension between Anh and the north, underscored by the extreme destructive power of the mammoths, foreshadows what is to come.
Throughout Salt and Fortune, Vo uses of a variety of animals symbolically, in addition to mammoths, emphasizing their importance in her fantasy universe. Sukai and Rabbit both have animal names that carry symbolic meaning (See: Character Analysis): Anh is represented by a lion, and Mai resembles a fox. Vo carries this animal symbolism forward into the other books of the Singing Hills Cycle, especially When the Tiger Came Down the Mountain, which follows a love story between Dieu, a scholar, and Ho Thi Thao, a shapeshifting tiger.
Fortune-telling and fortune-tellers appear as a motif throughout the text, highlighting Vo’s thematic interest in Feminine Political Agency Within a Patriarchal System. Initially, onlookers believe that In-Yo’s frequent employ of fortune-tellers—a distinctly feminine-coded practice in Anh—signals her lack of agency. As Rabbit tells Chih, “It was a joke in the capital. The empress will not get out of bed unless a fortune-teller tells her that it is right to do so” (63). In truth, however, In-Yo uses the fortunes as codes for espionage in order to shape the future that she wants. Vo imbues this choice with irony since fortune-tellers typically deal with destiny that is predetermined, while In-Yo pursues an agenda of her own design.
Throughout the book, Vo presents several methods of fortune-telling that are dismissed or overlooked in the emperor’s oppressive regime. Most prominently, the astrological charts that In-Yo uses to hide codes in plain sight use the emperor’s own misogyny against him. In-Yo has a knack for winning several fortune-telling games, like Lo-Ha, even though (as Rabbit emphasizes) “it relies more on luck than skill” (53) symbolically reinforcing In-Yo’s control over her own fate.
In Chapter 7, Vo reveals black salt as a secret code utilized by In-Yo and her family, symbolizing the north’s readiness to go to war and overthrow the Emperor of Pine and Steel. Once Chih realizes that it is created by mixing white salt with iron, they immediately recognize its symbolic significance, telling Rabbit, “[R]ed from iron, from swords and shields and the bells that hang from the mammoths’ bridles…I imagine that black salt stands for something else” (57). The military uses for iron and its blood-red color evoke the image of an oncoming war.
In addition to its coded meaning, the gift of black salt connects In-Yo to her homeland in the north. Throughout the text, salt is frequently associated with the northern kingdom—In-Yo brings a wealth of salt to Anh as part of her dowry, and she receives annual gifts of salt from her family while in exile at Thriving Fortune. In the real world, black salt is mined in the Himalayas, a cold, snowy mountain range that resembles In-Yo’s northern homeland. The salt is thus one of the many small details that Vo uses to incorporate elements of Asian cultures into her fantasy universe.



Unlock the meaning behind every key symbol & motif
See how recurring imagery, objects, and ideas shape the narrative.