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Nghi VoA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death and gender discrimination.
The Empress of Salt and Fortune follows a storytelling structure in which the embedded narrative (Rabbit’s account of In-Yo’s rise to power) is gradually unlocked in the novella’s present timeline. Vo establishes Rabbit’s initial reticence to tell Chih about In-Yo at the beginning of the novella when Chih has not yet explored Thriving Fortune. For example, upon meeting Chih, Rabbit describes the court ladies dismissively, telling them, “[I]t was I who told them to hire my father to come up every week with supplies from the main road. They never knew to tip them, or perhaps they thought their cosmopolitan beauty was tip enough. Pah!” (18). Here, Rabbit intentionally gives the impression (to both Chih and the readers) that she was merely an acquaintance of In-Yo and her attendants, belying the true depth of her friendship with the empress and laying the groundwork for Vo’s embedded narrative.
The artifacts that Chih finds serve as bridges between the past and present timelines—a structural device that allows Vo to reveal the story slowly over the course of the narrative. Although Rabbit attempts to maintain a shroud of mystery regarding her friendship with In-Yo, the artifacts that Chih uncovers trigger emotional responses for Rabbit, prompting her to tell the stories associated with those emotions. Chih’s questions about In-Yo’s artifacts progressively lower Rabbit’s guard, allowing them to earn her trust and learn the whole truth. Most notably, Rabbit has a visceral response to the birch bark scroll in Chapter 5, so much so that by the end of her story, “Rabbit [i]s still, almost shaking” (46). The scroll and the other artifacts function as the keys to Rabbit’s secrets, unlocking her memories for Chih to hear and record.
In addition to Rabbit’s responses to In-Yo’s possessions, Vo uses the objects themselves to communicate information about the empress’s past. For example, Chih discovers three of the empress’s garments in Thriving Fortune, though Rabbit only tells them the story of In-Yo’s sealskin dress. Chih describes one of the other two garments in the inventory as follows: “Robe. Silk, silk thread, ruby bead. Green background embroidered with darker green leaves. A single red ruby beetle bead rests on a green leaf on the right arm” (21). This robe, so materially different from the dress of In-Yo’s own people and culture, made of silk and gems as opposed to sealskin and seal tooth, signals In-Yo’s cultural “otherness” within the court of Anh. Vo uses these small material details to underscore the idea that each object in the novella carries a piece of history inside it, imbued with the power to tell stories.
Vo’s structural choices immediately frame her novella as a story of a woman’s rise to power. She opens the narrative with In-Yo’s daughter’s upcoming coronation as empress and flashes back to the patriarchal regime of the Emperor of Pine and Steel, a stark contrast that invites readers to discover how the shift happened. Vo populates her novella with a cast of primarily female and nonbinary characters—each of whom finds ways to progressively exercise political power. In-Yo, the exiled empress seeking revenge for her people’s colonial trauma, achieves this goal through covert, distinctly feminine means. In particular, her use of fortune-telling as a system for sending and receiving coded messages takes advantage of the social-entrenched misogyny that dismisses the art of fortune-telling as women’s superstitions. As Rabbit reflects, “It was a joke in the capital. The empress will not get out of bed unless a fortune-teller tells her that it is right to do so” (63). Vo makes clear that the people of Anh view In-Yo as someone with no agency over her own life, but In-Yo utilizes the ways in which she’s underestimated to execute her plans for usurping her husband.
By featuring female and nonbinary characters from different social castes who find community and solidarity in each other, Vo suggests that empowerment is found in unity rather than division. Rabbit, born into a poor family before being given away as payment to the palace, gains power both through her loyalty to In-Yo and her ability to assert her own worth. Her decision to make eye contact with In-Yo at the Palace of Gleaming Light, in defiance of the prescribed deference of her class, earns her the respect of the empress and allows her to become In-Yo’s close confidante. By the end of the novella, In-Yo defers to her, allowing Rabbit to make the ultimate decision about how the Minister of the Left should be put to death.
Other, more peripheral, female characters also find ways to assert themselves within in the patriarchal system. Kaofan, an accessory wife of the emperor, deploys her charisma to hold sway over the other women at court—Rabbit mimics her swagger while playing dice. In the present, she tells Chih, “[S]he was more empress than the empress […] Kaofan sat with one sleeve off her shoulder like a dealer in the water and flower district” (31). Mai, an actress and fortune-teller, becomes the centerpiece of In-Yo’s information network, playing a key role in the empress’s political coup to bring down the Emperor of Pine and Steel. It’s Mai who tells Rabbit, “Angry mothers raise daughters fierce enough to fight wolves” (101-02), an adage that encapsulates the book’s conviction in the power of feminine rage to generate change.
By entering previously unknown stories of Empress In-Yo into the official record of the Singing Hills abbey, Chih introduces questions about whose stories are recorded in history and who decides which stories are worth recording—questions that lie at the very heart of the narrative. Vo’s choice to tell In-Yo’s story from the perspective of Rabbit, her formerly enslaved companion, and have it recorded by Chih, a nonbinary cleric, places the power of the historic record in the hands of the marginalized rather than the oppressor. She also chooses to advance the narrative through growing trust and solidarity rather than acts of aggression, dominance, or conquest.
Within the world of the narrative, Vo establishes the power that In-Yo had over how her story was recorded—evidence of the agency and autonomy she claimed for herself as she moved from a place of subjugation and erasure to extreme visibility and political power. The events of the novella are incited by In-Yo’s death, which results in the “declassification” of an abundance of information related to her life. During her lifetime, In-Yo carefully controlled and curated the information about her life in the public record to protect her newly established government and shore up her own political power. In Chapter 8, Chih explicitly identifies the value that In-Yo placed on controlling her own story, pointing to the previous emperor’s suppression and historic erasure of marginalized peoples through the exile of the realm’s historians:
[In-Yo] had brought the clerics of Singing hills back from their exile beyond the borders of Anh, and she personally gifted them a gorgeous ivory and brass aviary to nest the next generation of neixin. Then she had shut off every record of herself before her ascension, every place she had lived between her banishment from court and her return six years later. The clerics of the Singing Hills never liked gaps in their knowledge, but in return for their lands and their restored place in Anh, they had let it go (61).
In-Yo leveraged her political power and the wealth associated with it to exert complete control over how her story was told to the general public and future generations.
In contrast to In-Yo, Rabbit is not born into wealth or power. Her own account of her origin story emphasizes the ways in which she was treated as property, both by her own people and by the emperor to whom she was sold. She tells Chih, “[W]hen I was only five, the county sent me along with one hundred san of birch water, thirty young goats, and fifty caskets of orange dye to the capital” (22-23). In-Yo’s death and the arrival of Chih allow Rabbit the freedom to finally enter her own story into the permanent record. During her life, In-Yo’s political agenda kept Rabbit hidden from the official history, despite the close relationship between the two women. By the time In-Yo dies, at the end of a successful reign with an heir to rule in her place, the power of the empress is less precarious, and Rabbit feels less compelled to maintain her silence. Rabbit’s decision to tell Chih her story represents a radical act of historical revision, an assertion of her own existence and impact in shaping Anh’s history.



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