The First Witch of Boston

Andrea Catalano

56 pages 1-hour read

Andrea Catalano

The First Witch of Boston

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2025

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Part 2, Chapters 21-25Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide contains discussion of sexual assault, child death, and gender discrimination.

Part 2: “Maggie”

Part 2, Chapter 21 Summary

John Winthrop notes in his journal that Margaret has been found to have “a malignant touch” (203). Many people to whom she has administered report falling ill.


Margaret is on trial for witchcraft. She is itchy from having caught fleas and lice in jail, and she has raw spots on her skin from her shackles. Alice brought her a salve to help with the chafing, but it has worn off. She laughs openly at the first charge, that she has harmed her patients by touching them. She ministers to sick people, she thinks, of course they are ill after she has been to their houses. As she looks at the row of male magistrates and governors, she reflects on men and power. She has learned not to trust men but also that men are much more emotional and irrational than women. They ascribe those qualities to women in order to maintain control, not because women truly are more volatile or less governed by reason.


Several witnesses are called. The young Westin boy testifies that Margaret helped him during his illness, but also that part of her treatment was to throw the windows open to the cold night air. He felt at that time that he was seized by some external force. Margaret openly scoffs at much of the latter part of this testimony, causing the governors to tell her angrily to be quiet. She is even louder when his mother testifies against her, asserting that Margaret uses devilish incantations during her treatments. Goodman Proctor is then called, and he has nothing but positive things to say about her: She helped him pass several painful bladder stones. His daughter, however, testifies that on those stones (which he carries in a small pouch) she sees devilish faces that haunt her in her dreams. Margaret again openly scoffs and again is told to be quiet. The governors seem moved by this young woman’s testimony, but not by her father’s.

Part 2, Chapter 22 Summary

During the court’s recess, someone throws dog feces on Margaret, and her jailers laugh at her. She remains defiant, however, and even uses the privy bucket in front of them. She reflects that she knows who she is and knows her worth. She will not let these men make her feel worthless. She returns to the court for more testimony. Goodman Spence reports that she gave him a salve to help him better satisfy his wife in their marital relations. The court laughs at him, but he continues. He adds that his wife became so “wanton” that she left him and was last seen with a sailor, bound for Hispaniola. He blames Margaret for turning his wife into a “lustful” woman with an insatiable sexual appetite. Margaret knows that this is ridiculous, but the governors find it compelling. They then ask a series of questions about the use of aphrodisiacs. Even when Margaret explains that she does not prescribe aphrodisiacs and that her only use for the most common of them is to burn warts off of the skin, the governors seem unmoved. They liken her knowledge to that of Eve after eating the apple and argue that even if she does possess real medical knowledge, she uses it for evil.

Part 2, Chapter 23 Summary

Margaret was known to tell people that if they did not use her medicines, their illnesses would never be healed.


Thomas and Governor Bellingham visit Margaret. Thomas has been cleared of the charges brought against him. They ask her to confess to being a witch and explain that if she does not, she will have to submit to several demeaning examinations: She will be observed overnight and not allowed to sleep to see if the devil visits her, and her body will be searched for marks of the devil. She will have to disrobe, and even her genitals will be examined. Margaret refuses to confess to something she did not do.


Later, Margaret sleeps fitfully and has a terrible dream, a memory from her youth. Two noblemen visited her grandmother to procure an aphrodisiac. Margaret had never seen such finely dressed people and agreed to meet the younger one later that night at an inn. He tempted her into bed, and they had sex. She enjoyed kissing, but the sex itself was painful. Afterwards, his older companion came in and sexually assaulted her. She returned home in tears. He grandmother met her on the road to their house: She knew exactly what had happened. Margaret wakes in a cold sweat. Thomas had known that he hadn’t been her first lover, and she recalls how kind he was about it and that he had taught her how to experience pleasure and reclaim her power. She cries, thinking of how lucky she was to have him as a husband.


Later there is more testimony. Goodwife Pierce testifies that Margaret’s cat is a pawn of the devil and that Margaret told her that if she did not use the balm she provided, Goodwife Pierce’s pain would intensify. Indeed, it did, and she is sure that Margaret cursed her. Goodwife Hall is next. She testifies that Margaret killed her baby during childbirth by mouthing satanic incantations and putting her hands into Goodwife Hall’s womb. The governors ask Margaret for her side of the story. She relates that she said only the Lord’s Prayer and that it is almost always necessary to reach into the womb. She adds that Goodwife Hall’s was the only baby that has ever died during a delivery in all of her years of midwifery.


The governors then ask Margaret if she and Thomas had changed their name from O’Byrn to Jones when they left England and if she once prescribed St. John’s wort to a noblewoman named Lady Wembly. Margaret does not know how they would know this. Lady Wembly took too much of the tincture and afterwards killed her husband. They changed their name to distance themselves from the story, which had been widely publicized. Margaret had been blamed. It seems that Lady Wembly recently died by suicide. The governors here in Massachusetts are also blaming Margaret for that.

Part 2, Chapter 24 Summary

Goodwife Morris testifies that Margaret commented after her daughter gave birth to a boy that it looked like the boy’s father was a Spaniard. It turned out that the daughter had a secret affair with a Portuguese man, and Morris alleges that Margaret knew this because she consorted with the devil. Margaret interrupts to point out that Portuguese and Spaniards are not the same, but the woman scoffs. She adds that Margaret can always tell early when a woman is pregnant. Margaret explains that this kind of knowledge is common among midwives, but she can tell that no one believes her. One of the constables informs her that she will be searched for marks of the devil that night and that she will not get any sleep. She quickly retorts that he is not likely to get sleep either. This remark will come to haunt her.

Part 2, Chapter 25 Summary

Margaret is taken to a nearby home, where three women instruct her to disrobe. They are to search her body for witch marks and signs of the devil. Margaret has a small, heart-shaped birthmark on her inner thigh and knows that it spells trouble. She is right: The women take note of it and poke it with a special instrument meant to determine if a woman is a witch. They explain that if she does not bleed, she is a witch. The needle is dull and the woman wielding it does not push very hard, so Margaret does not bleed. Observing the needle, Margaret also notices that it appears to be retractable. Pushing hard on it forces the needle back into its sheath. She angrily says as much to her captors, but they do not listen. Then, Margaret is returned to her cell. She is to sit cross-legged all night along. One of the constables will observe her to see if she is visited by any familiars.

Part 2, Chapters 21-25 Analysis

The chapters in Part 2, although narrated by Margaret, begin with excerpts from Governor John Winthrop’s journal. Structuring the narrative in this manner highlights Margaret’s disempowerment: Margaret’s words no longer drive the narrative. They have been replaced by the list of spurious charges brought against her. Margaret does respond to each of Winthrop’s charges in some way, but as the trial unfolds it becomes evident that her word means very little, especially when measured against that of her more outwardly pious neighbors and community members.


Margaret begins the trial with a set of observations about Women’s Knowledge as a Threat to Patriarchy. She notes the irrational nature of many men and the relative lack of objectivity in their decision-making processes. She reflects that it is in part because men are themselves so incapable of sidestepping their emotional volatility that they (mis)characterize women as overemotional. She argues: “Men are governed by their whims and passions far more than women, yet they ascribe those traits to us” (205). The broader implication in Margaret’s observation is that women’s expertise is a threat to male dominance. Men, Margaret asserts, maintain societal control based on the false claim that they are better suited to governing because they possess a more even temperament than women. Margaret realizes that accusations of witchcraft are akin to the idea that women are too ruled by their emotions. Both amount to mischaracterizations meant to subjugate and control women.


The governors compare Margaret to Eve, the biblical first woman, who is often blamed for tempting Adam to eat the forbidden fruit. In the biblical book of Genesis, this forbidden fruit comes from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, and to eat this fruit is to gain forbidden knowledge. Here, the implication is that women who seek to know too much are punished. Margaret sees the roots of patriarchy in the myth of Adam and Eve. She realizes that men do not want to keep women like Eve (or Margaret herself) ignorant because they are inherently incapable of learning, but because if they were to truly grasp the gendered inequality that underpins society, they might well rebel against it.


Many of Margaret’s neighbors and fellow community members bring accusations against her during the trial, and the prevalence of Hypocrisy and the Public Performance of Faith in Puritan Communities becomes even more apparent. Well-connected and pious Puritans speak out against her for a variety of self-interested reasons. Some have taken umbrage at past insults, and others worry that, because Margaret treated them for sexual dysfunction and other reproductive maladies, they will be perceived by others as “wanton” or immodest. Still others turn against Margaret once public sentiment turns against her. Now that she is on trial, they fear being perceived as on her side. Few people speak in her defense. The appearance of piety underpins Puritan society, and the trial testimony is an opportunity for Margaret’s neighbors to demonstrate their conformity publicly, casting suspicion on her in an effort to keep it away from themselves.


Margaret’s own behavior during the trial, although in keeping with her beliefs and values, further damns her in the eyes of her neighbors. Knowledgeable and perceptive, she understands that outspoken, educated women are more of a threat to society than actual witches and that the charges against her are unwarranted. She realizes that staying silent during the trial might help her more because it would mimic humility and penitence, but she cannot refrain from speaking out in her own defense. Margaret remains true to her code of personal authenticity even as it reinforces her image as rude, outspoken, and overly assertive.


This portion of the novel also details Margaret’s long-ago rape at the hands of two men who sought her grandmother’s help in procuring an aphrodisiac. The men suffer no consequences for manipulating and abusing Margaret. Margaret, however, is forced to choose between seeking an abortion and giving up her child for adoption because it is not socially acceptable for women to have children out of wedlock. Margaret’s nightmare about this experience reveals it as a source of enduring unhappiness, but not only because of the sexual assault itself. Rather, it taught Margaret a difficult lesson about gendered inequality and the position of women within the social hierarchy; Margaret learned that even though the men were at fault and she was manipulated, she would bear the brunt of the blame for the incident if it should get out. Margaret dreams about the sexual assault during her trial, as she is once again disempowered by men and subject to societal injustice that she can do nothing to counteract.

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