52 pages • 1-hour read
Carrie RyanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes descriptions of graphic violence, illness, death, and pregnancy loss.
Mary, the protagonist, is a teenage girl living in an unnamed village that struggles to survive generations after a supernatural epidemic (the “Return”) turned most humans into undead creatures called the “Unconsecrated.” Within this limited society, how the Return first occurred and why it happened are both accepted mysteries, but unlike most people around her, Mary would like to know how the Unconsecrated came to exist and whether other colonies of humans might survive beyond the strict boundaries of the village. Most of all, Mary wants to know what kind of life might be possible for her and others beyond the Forest of Hands and Teeth (the surrounding woodland where the Unconsecrated lurk).
Over a relatively short span of time, Mary experiences the loss of her parents to the Unconsecrated and is shunned by her brother, Jed, who believes that she is partly to blame for her mother’s death. She must also endure an unwanted betrothal to Harry, the brother of Travis (the one she truly loves). In the midst of these personal crises, she must deal with the constant threat to her survival from the undead who never stop trying to attack every last human they see or smell. Despite these external conflicts, Mary focuses primarily on her future, actively maintaining an interest in her own life and seeking ways to find greater fulfillment and freedom than her strict religious society offers.
In pursuit of this goal, Mary finds opposition almost everywhere she turns. Although she loves Travis, his brother Harry ultimately claims her as a wife, via the patriarchal rules of the village’s ruling faction, the Sisterhood. Once the Sisterhood determines that Mary will never conform to their ways, they expect her to play a designated role by becoming a meek, obedient wife to Harry. However, Mary is motivated by her mother’s stories of the fabled ocean and the memory of an old photo of her great-great-great-grandmother standing in the tide. Although the photo does not exist anymore and Mary’s mother is lost to the undead, these setbacks do not deter Mary’s curiosity or her intent to break free of the village and claim a greater degree of freedom.
As these motivations intensify, Mary shows a new level of courage and confidence, and her growing maturity is marked by her realization that Travis, for whom she feels sincere love and passion, will never be “enough” to satisfy her if she cannot continue to seek a new life beyond her current restrictions. Consequently, when she is given the choice to either stay within the safer confines of the fences or venture out in hopes of finding the sea, Mary risks everything and enters the Forest in search of a wider world.
Jed is Mary’s older brother. He is married to Beth, whose miscarriage early in the novel saddles Jed with grief that compounds his existing anguish over his mother’s loss to the realm of the undead. Because of these events, Mary shows more understanding in the face of Jed’s harsh actions when he turns her away from her own home and forces her to join the Sisterhood. He also avoids visiting her when he brings the wounded Travis to the Sisters’ hospital.
Later, after he and Beth take refuge in the fenced paths with the other survivors in the wake of the village’s destruction, Jed tries to confide in Mary when he admits that Beth has been bitten and will soon turn. However, in a fit of pique later on, Mary betrays his confidence and tells the others about Beth. Despite these complex conflicts in their sibling relationship, Jed ultimately realizes he wants to protect Mary in her attempt to survive in the Forest. He is the only one of the remaining survivors to follow her, and he bravely fights the undead at her side. At the end of the novel, Jed’s fate is uncertain, as Mary cannot find his body after he falls into the river.
Travis is the young man whom Mary loves. Although Travis loves Mary in return, his brother Harry has claimed Mary as his own betrothed, and under the moral code of the village, Travis cannot speak out against the wishes of his elder brother. Ironically, Travis and Mary get a chance to experience a domestic life together when they barricade themselves into the brick house in Gabrielle’s village. However, this unofficial “marriage” leaves both of them unsatisfied because Mary believes that they should leave the village and try a new path. Though Travis once told Mary to hang onto her hope of finding the ocean, he now admits that Gabrielle told him the ocean and shore have been dangerously overrun with undead and pirates. Later, as he prepares to sacrifice himself to the undead in order to save the others from the fire that Jacob inadvertently starts, Travis urges Mary to seek her dream after all.
Harry is a static character who remains a consistent source of strength, courage, and protection for Mary and the other survivors. In the novel’s early chapters, he “speaks for” Mary and intends to wed her, but he also listens to her dreams of escape and sincerely wants her to find happiness and fulfillment. He shows his bravery when he saves Jacob from the invading undead and takes a leadership role in the survivors’ journey along the fenced paths. Notably, he never faults Mary for loving his brother, and he later acknowledges and cares for Cass and Jacob in the tree houses when Mary and Travis have been separated from the group. However, rather than making a conscious decision to love Cass rather than Mary, Harry simply acquiesces to the circumstances of their plight, passively adjusting his actions to fit external pressures. Despite his tolerance, he does have one bad moment in which he calls Mary “selfish” for wanting to go into the Forest at Gate 1. Faced with what he sees as her abandonment of the group, he is angry to realize that his attempts to persuade her to stay will ultimately fail. His reaction further demonstrates his inability to embrace change, and it is clear that cannot understand a world in which Mary controls her own fate.
Cass is Mary’s best friend. The two of them are the only young women of their age in the village, thanks to an epidemic that took the lives of many children when they were young. The novel’s exposition thus emphasizes the social pressures that interfere with Cass and Mary’s well-being, for they are the only two young women who are slated to marry this year. Cass takes this responsibility seriously and refuses to defy the moral code of the village. In her mind, she resolves to be content with Travis because Harry, the one she truly loves, has chosen Mary to be his wife. Cass insists that she and Mary refrain from challenging the status quo, and her passivity demonstrates her broader willingness to submit to authority in this oppressive religious system.
At Cass’s words, Mary feels an emotional gulf opening between her and her friend, and matters between the two remain strained until Mary escapes from the brick house. By that time, Cass has overcome her inner conflicts and jealousy over the fact that both brothers favor Mary. Now, Cass’s new role as Jacob’s caretaker has shown her a more important path. These changes emphasize Cass’s maturation as the group travels along the fenced paths, and she emerges as a dynamic, complex character who serves as an ally to Mary.
Sister Tabitha is a complicated antagonist. She threatens Mary’s life in order to force her to acquiesce to the Sisterhood’s vows, and she then repeatedly badgers Mary about the necessity of conceding to the scripted life that the Sisterhood has laid out for all young women in the village. However, just before her death, Sister Tabitha shows that she is caring and generous, for during the breach, she sends the other Sisters inside the safety of the Cathedral while she stays outside to fix a barricading shutter. She also keeps the Cathedral door open as Harry and Mary desperately try to reach it, and this self-sacrificing choice ultimately leads to her death at Gabrielle’s hands. Sister Tabitha therefore symbolizes power and oppression, but her efforts to save the Sisters from Gabrielle shows that she also possesses a willingness to atone for her past wrongs by sacrificing her own safety to protect others.
Gabrielle is the first outsider that Mary ever sees. A teenage girl similar in stature to Mary, Gabrielle wears strange, bright red clothing that sets her apart. Initially, Mary excitedly believes that Gabrielle is evidence of an outside world in which other humans have the freedom to wander wherever they wish. However, Mary eventually comes to understand that Gabrielle fled to Mary’s village when her own village at Gate XIV was breached by the undead. This realization brings Mary great disappointment and threatens her hope of finding a more secure future.
Gabrielle’s fate represents one of the mysteries of the novel, for when Mary discovers notes in a strange, hidden room under the Cathedral, she realizes that the Sisterhood may be responsible for turning Gabrielle into one of the Unconsecrated. Specifically, the notes state that Gabrielle’s forced solitude is the reason why she becomes a lightning-quick and particularly vicious member of the undead. Mary never learns the complete truth, but she is certain that the Sisterhood has kept harmful secrets from the villagers. In this light, the Sisters’ meddling, unethical actions symbolize the role that humans play in their own undoing.



Unlock analysis of every major character
Get a detailed breakdown of each character’s role, motivations, and development.