67 pages 2-hour read

The Gift of Rain

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2007

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Part 1, Chapters 15-22Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1: “Book One”

Part 1, Chapter 15 Summary

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of substance use, illness, and death.


Philip notices Michiko staring at the moon. For the past week, he has been telling her the story of his life and his meeting with Endo. They have settled into a routine. One morning, he asks her whether she is sick. The pills have stopped working, she admits, and she does not have long to live. She promises that she will last until at least the end of Philip’s story.


In his old age, Philip has worked to preserve as much of old Penang as possible. He uses his wealth to buy many of the city’s old buildings and preserve them as they were in his youth, through the Hutton Heritage Trust. He works closely with a young architect named Penelope Cheah. She is currently working on a restoration of Tokay Yeap’s former home. Lately, however, Philip has been wondering “how much can one hold on to history” (183). He worries that his attempts to cling to the past are foolish.


Philip is interviewed by a local journalist. As well as the regular questions about the Trust’s preservation efforts, the journalist grills Philip about his wartime activities and whether he is “a war criminal who somehow managed to escape justice” (184). Philip politely but firmly ends the interview, insisting that the journalist does not know all the facts. As he leaves, the journalist apologizes, insisting that the questions were demanded by his editor.


That night, Philip finds Michiko coughing up blood. She tells him that she was near Hiroshima when the nuclear bomb was dropped. Now, she is dying from the lingering effects of radiation. Philip realizes how much comfort he has gained from finally telling his story to someone.

Part 1, Chapter 16 Summary

Philip begins his job at Hutton & Sons. He suspects that his father is working him hard to limit the amount of time he can spend with Endo. Philip learns about the vast family business, which includes rubber plantations and tin mines. He is often required to visit the harbor, where he sees the advocates for the Malayan Communist Party speaking to the workers. Noel is angry with them for “causing trouble.” With Philip, he confronts the MCP representatives on the dock. Noel announces that any of his workers are free to join the MCP, but they will not keep their jobs if they do so. He is attacked by one of the activists, whom he knocks down. When a man attacks them with a chain, Philip uses his martial arts training to break the man’s wrist. The crowd quickly disperses. Noel and Philip talk about the fight afterward; Philip feels guilty for using his training to hurt someone, even if he was protecting himself and his father.


Throughout 1940, reports of the war continue to worsen. Endo is away for long periods, while Philip’s friendship with a Japanese man causes people to mutter and gossip about him. During this time, William agrees to work with the family company even though he wishes to enlist. He purchases a camera, and Philip shows him how to use it, strengthening their bond. Eventually, however, William secretly enlists in the Navy. Noel is not pleased, but he understands his son’s decision and suggests that they host a farewell party.


Since Endo is away, Philip begins to spar with the staff at the Japanese consulate. They are stronger and more brutal than Endo; one man named Goro, in particular, is cruel and dangerous. Philip tries to avoid him. Endo knows Goro. He knows that Goro is not a good man. Philip is cautious regarding the “anti-Japanese feelings” in the community. He chooses to ignore his doubts and worries about Endo’s role in the increasing Japanese militarism.

Part 1, Chapter 17 Summary

Philip visits Kon more frequently. For the first time, he is “made aware of the possibility of such a friendship” (200). They train together, learning a great deal. Philip invites Kon to his family’s party. They drive around Penang in Kon’s sports car, as Kon tells Philip the truth about his father’s involvement in the triads. He shares an elaborate hand gesture with Philip, which can be used to earn the trust of triad members. Kon’s father is the head of the Red Banner Society, one branch of the triads. Kon says he will inherit his father’s position.


They go out at night, where many people refer to Kon by his nickname “the White Tiger,” due to his fondness for white clothing. At a bar, they see a drunken Englishman being thrown out of a brothel. Philip and Kon intervene in the fight. The man introduces himself as Martin Edgecumbe. He is impressed by the boys’ martial arts skills and their talent for languages. He reveals that he is a member of Force 136, an organized resistance campaign set up by the British to fight against a future Japanese invasion of Malaya. He invites the boys to join. They ask for time to think.

Part 1, Chapter 18 Summary

Philip’s thoughts are interrupted by the preparations for the party. He learns that Uncle Lim’s daughter Ming is now betrothed to a fisherman. He also learns that Isabel is romantically interested in an older barrister named Peter MacAllister, though she is concerned about their father’s reaction. Planning the party brings Isabel and Philip close for the first time in many years. Isabel appreciates that Philip seems to have changed, as though he now sees himself as part of the family. When he talks about Endo, however, she voices her concerns about the Japanese. Philip dismisses her concerns as “merely rumors.”


Noel encourages his children to invite many people. He invites Endo and other Japanese delegates, even with anti-Japanese sentiment brewing in Penang. He also encourages Philip to invite Aunt Mei and Philip’s grandfather. The party is set for the end of October 1941. William returns home unexpectedly, revealing that he has been assigned to the Prince of Wales warship. The family is pleased by his return.

Part 1, Chapter 19 Summary

Party invitations are sent to the British elite, as well as Chinese tycoons and Malay aristocrats. Isabel is nervous about introducing Peter to her father. On the night of the party, Philip stands beside his father to welcome the guests. Noel tells Philip that “[his] mother would have been so proud” (216). Philip thanks his father for his kind words.


Philip closely watches the polite interaction between his father and Endo, then notes his father’s pointed response to the Japanese consul, Hiroshi, regarding Japan’s plans for Malaya. Next, Noel meets Philip’s grandfather, Khoo Wu An. Their meeting is awkward but respectful; when Mr. Khoo meets Isabel and Wiliam, however, he is warm and friendly. Next, Philip introduces his grandfather to Endo. Their conversation is heavy with philosophical meaning as they talk about “fate” and previous lives. Philip shows his grandfather the rest of the house.


Kon and Towkay Yeap gather the Hutton family to reveal a secret that they have learned: A bomb has been planted at the party by the Communists. Philip recalls that one of the waiters was the man he attacked on the dock. They search the house for the man, keeping the bomb a secret from the guests. They find the waiter. Kon beats him until he reveals that he was paid by the Japanese to plant the bomb. He believes the Japanese propaganda that the Japanese army will help chase the British out of Asia and restore local rule. He fears that he will be killed if he fails in his mission, so Towkay Yeap arranges for him to leave the country quietly.

Part 1, Chapter 20 Summary

With the bomb disarmed, the party resumes. Philip wonders whether Endo knew about the bomb, especially as he plans to leave early after a brief reunion with Tanaka. As a parting comment, he confirms his belief to Philip that Japan will invade Malaya. He promises to ensure that Philip and his family will be safe, though they may have to “co-operate.” Philip feels betrayed.


Endo talks about the moment he first met Philip, when he became sure that they have “known each other for many lifetimes” (229). Occasionally, he gains glimpses into these previous lives, which ended pained and unfulfilled. They must meet again and again, he suggests, until they have resolved their lives. The invasion of Malaya is part of this cycle, and they must find their redemption soon. As Philip shows Endo a drawing, he experiences a moment of “complete clarity and total contentment” (231). He knows that he will spend the rest of his life chasing this understanding without success.


Philip returns to the party. A drunken brawl between a Chinese guest and a Japanese guest is ended by Isabel firing a rifle above the crowd. Philip and Kon speak about Force 136; Kon wants to join, but Philip feels he must protect his family. Noel Hutton delivers one of his famous speeches. He thanks his guests, then turns their attention to the sky, where Philip’s grandfather has arranged for a fireworks display. Philip thanks his grandfather, who invites him to visit the next day.

Part 1, Chapter 21 Summary

The next day, Philip speaks to Ming. She is waiting for an auspicious day to hold her wedding. Philip then travels to the city’s Chinese quarter, where his grandfather meets him. Despite his Chinese heritage, Philip is unfamiliar with the area. They go to the Leong San Thong Dragon Mountain Hall Temple, built by the clan association of the Khoo. As a Khoo, he is always welcome in this temple. Philip’s name is already inscribed in the Hall of Ancestors, alongside his grandfather, aunt, and mother. Endo, Khoo Wu An warns, is a lost man, searching for his way home. He hopes that Philip will help him find it.


Philip’s grandfather spends an increasing amount of time with Philip. He plans to move back to Penang, into a house he already owns. He assures Philip that he holds no grudge against Philip’s father, but time will be needed for the “years of bitterness” to fade away (241). William departs for the navy, asking Philip to take care of his camera.


Philip learns more about his Chinese heritage. Philip tells his grandfather that Endo is away often. He is only able to train at the consulate. His grandfather reprimands him for doubting whether the Japanese will invade. Isabel reveals that she plans to marry Peter MacAllister, despite her father’s disapproval. The Hutton family is invited to Ming’s wedding.

Part 1, Chapter 22 Summary

Philip feels “unable to face [Endo] at this moment” (250). Tanaka leaves Penang to find refuge in a mountain temple, fearing the Japanese invasion. Before leaving, he reveals to Philip that he comes from the same town as Endo, near Hiroshima. He was in love with the woman who loved Endo; he promised to watch over Endo for her when Endo was sent to Penang as part of the punishment for his father’s comments against the Japanese Emperor. He has been watching over Endo on behalf of Michiko and Endo’s imprisoned father. He believes that Endo has deliberately closed himself off from all others as he seeks atonement for his father. He asks Philip to watch over Endo.


Philip joins his family at Ming’s wedding. His mind is very much focused on Endo and his feelings of betrayal. They meet the head of the village, Mr. Chua, and Ming’s husband, Ah Hock. In a quiet moment, Philip defends Isabel’s love for Peter to his father. His own mother and father, he points out, married in controversial circumstances. Philip also mentions Endo’s warning that Japan will invade Malaya, though Noel refuses to believe it.


They attend the wedding and the luncheon afterward. Towkay Yeap notes that the opera performance tells the story of forbidden love. After the meal, Philip speaks to Kon. His friend has decided to join the guerilla movement. Philip is sad that he cannot join Kon, but he must do what he believes to be best for his family.

Part 1, Chapters 15-22 Analysis

Over the course of Part 1, Philip becomes increasingly mature as he navigates The Complexity of Identity. His growing maturity is reflected in his burgeoning desire to become an active participant in family life and the family business. Noel is delighted that his once-distant son has reversed course, but he is cautious about Philip’s friendship with Endo. These two competing father figures in Philip’s life make Noel jealous and wary, as he mistrusts Endo and the Japanese. He increases Philip’s work hours and uses the family business to artificially limit Philip’s contact with Endo. The family’s suspicions add to the foreshadowing that Endo is going to betray Penang to the invading Japanese.


Part 1 ends with two significant social events: the party and the wedding. The two events are distinct in terms of social class. The party is attended by the social elite of Penang, while the wedding is held in a small village and attended by local people. Philip attends both these social events, once again demonstrating his capacity to shift between identities. In effect, however, these two events function as a last hurrah for Penang society. These are the final social gatherings before the Japanese invade. Philip will never be as comfortable or as accepted ever again. The irony of his attending Ming’s wedding is that, in the future, Uncle Lim will blame him for her death. The wedding and the party serve as a farewell to a certain kind of life, as well as to a society that will never be the same, no matter how much the older Philip tries to cling to the past.


When they go to a protest at the docks, Philip shows the utility of what he has learned by defending his father from an attacker, invoking The Tension Between Conflict and Harmony. He uses the martial arts, taught to him by one father figure, to defend the other father figure. Noel is impressed, but the incident has far-reaching consequences. The bomb placed at the party is planted by the man Philip injured, demonstrating how cycles of violence can erupt from unexpected places and have unexpected consequences. For all of Philip’s increased maturity, he still must learn that his actions can have serious consequences. He rarely uses violence again, and never so cavalierly.


In moments such as this, Philip realizes the significance of Endo’s caution to him about martial arts. To truly master such arts, Endo says, is to know that they should ideally never be used. The goal of such fighting skills is not to win fights but to learn more about oneself. This becomes one of the most important ways in which Philip implements Endo’s lessons in his day-to-day life. He fights people not to hurt them, but to learn more about them and himself. He fights Kon, Endo, his grandfather, and Uncle Lim. These fights imbue martial arts with a sense of humanity and remove the implication of violence. Philip refuses to fight violent men like Goro for exactly this reason. Philip is thus internalizing Endo’s lessons about the importance of choosing harmony over conflict.

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