70 pages 2-hour read

The Girl Who Played With Fire

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2006

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Symbols & Motifs

Fermat’s Last Theorem

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of physical abuse.


Fermat’s last theorem is a mathematical assertion made by Pierre de Fermat, a French mathematician, in 1637. Fermat proposed that xn + yn = zn cannot be completed where n is any natural number greater than 2, which would become the Pythagorean theorem: x2 + y2 = z2. In Fermat’s copy of Arithmetica by Diophantus of Alexandria, he wrote that he had a proof for his theorem, but it would not fit in the margin. Andrew Wiles and his student, Richard Tayler, created a proof for the theorem in 1995, but the length of time that passed without a proof suggests that Fermat himself had not created one either.


In the context of The Girl Who Played With Fire, Fermat’s last theorem is a puzzle that Lisbeth becomes obsessed with solving. She has developed an interest in mathematics during her recent travels, and Fermat’s last theorem becomes a symbol of her desire to find herself. Though she is seeking a proof for the theorem, this abstract search is paired with her more concrete decisions to get breast implants and to travel, each of which is framed as a pursuit of identity. When Lisbeth finally solves the theorem, she is outside Zala’s house, preparing to confront her former abuser. This pairing, like the initial discovery of the theorem and her breast implants, suggests that finding a solution to the mathematical problem is a symbolic resolution to Lisbeth’s past and trauma. Zala is effectively the missing “variable” in the “equation” of Lisbeth’s life, and killing him will be a way for her to resolve her own metaphorical equation and finally move forward.

The Mosebacke Apartment

When Lisbeth returns to Sweden, she uses her new wealth to buy a new apartment, though she does not get rid of her mother’s apartment on Lundagatan—the one in which she has lived since beginning her guardianship with Palmgren at age 18. Her new apartment is near Mosebacke Torg, a park in Stockholm on Fiskargatan, and Blomkvist finds out that Lisbeth paid 25 million kronor for it. While the Lundagatan apartment represents Lisbeth’s previous life, the Mosebacke apartment represents her renewal and her efforts to overcome her trauma. The Lundagatan apartment was filled with furniture and memories from Lisbeth’s childhood, including Zala’s abuses against Agneta and “All The Evil,” and Lisbeth is not willing to let go of these things yet. Instead, she sells half of the apartment to Mimmi, making a symbolic effort to let someone else into her life.


However, the Mosebacke apartment remains empty, and Lisbeth hastily fills it with generic IKEA furniture to create the semblance of normalcy. When Blomkvist finds it, he notes the “deserted, almost eerily empty corridors and rooms,” adding, “At the centre of the apartment was a wonderfully bright living room with an open fireplace, but Salander seemed never to have had a fire” (449). The Mosebacke apartment therefore stands as a symbol for Lisbeth’s psyche and life, which remains empty of everything but the necessities, but the very fact that Lisbeth has carved out this space for herself suggests that she may be able to progress once she overcomes her past. Within this tableau, the fact that Lisbeth has never had a fire is also symbolic, as the hearth can often be interpreted as a figurative representation of family and friends. Although she lacks this advantage now, she can still grow and build a fire for herself in her new space.

Asphyxia 1.3

Asphyxia 1.3 is Lisbeth’s most current rendition of a software that executes what she refers to as a “hostile takeover” in The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo. Asphyxia 1.3 mirrors the target computer’s hard drive, creating a real-time back-up of the computer, which Lisbeth can then access remotely. Using this program, Lisbeth can access all of someone’s files and even monitor their actions as they work. When Lisbeth returns to Sweden, she scrolls through Dragan Armansky’s work computer, Bjurman’s personal computer, and Blomkvist’s work and personal computers in order to keep tabs on friends and enemies alike. 


Asphyxia 1.3 is a symbol for Lisbeth’s need for control and her fear of rejection. She feels the need to have the information on these computers, but she is also paranoid, worrying that the files will contain their users’ true thoughts about her. After responding to Blomkvist on his own computer, Lisbeth considers the possibility that Blomkvist will avoid putting all his thoughts on his laptop, knowing that Lisbeth can see everything he types. Her paranoia suggests that Asphyxia is not only a practical tool for Lisbeth but also a necessity for her to trust others, but the very name of the program suggests that it is oppressive by nature—to its wielder as well as its target. As soon as Blomkvist knows that Lisbeth is hacking him, she struggles to maintain her trust in him. Only when Blomkvist directly asserts his decision to remain supportive of Lisbeth after learning all her secrets can Lisbeth start to accept that she can trust Blomkvist.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text

Unlock the meaning behind every key symbol & motif

See how recurring imagery, objects, and ideas shape the narrative.

  • Explore how the author builds meaning through symbolism
  • Understand what symbols & motifs represent in the text
  • Connect recurring ideas to themes, characters, and events