91 pages 3-hour read

The Idaho Four: An American Tragedy

Nonfiction | Book | Adult | Published in 2025

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Part 5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide features discussion of graphic violence, death, stalking, strong emotional trauma, and explicit discussion of misogyny, mental health, and social alienation.

Part 5: “Blame Game”

Part 5, Chapter 102 Summary: “Priest Lake, Idaho: December 29, 2022”

The Chapin family gets the news that Bryan Kohberger has been arrested for the murders. They sleep well that night. It won’t bring Ethan back, but it gives Maizie and Hunter a better sense of safety as they head back to campus. Jim is glad they caught Kohberger and wants him to pay for his crime, but figures that Kohberger’s life is over regardless of the trial’s outcome. He asks: “You really think Steve Goncalves is going to sit back while he walks around freely?” (328).

Part 5, Chapter 103 Summary: “Rathdrum, Idaho: December 29, 2022”

The Goncalves family is also relieved to hear of Kohberger’s arrest. They don’t know what the connection between Kohberger and the victims is and they don’t understand how WSU could have sheltered him without realizing it. Now that Kohberger has been arrested, WSU students begin posting to social media about the many red flags they’d observed. Steve is angry that the university “hasn’t published any of the disciplinary problems” they faced with him (329). He wants that information to be released. He intends to “keep up the pressure on the prosecution the same way he did the cops” and is doing his own digital investigation” (329).

Part 5, Chapter 104 Summary: “Pullman, Washington: December 29, 2022”

Evan Ellis is on the air when the news of Kohberger’s arrest breaks. He reaches out to contacts who tip him off about where Kohberger lives. He arrives just as the raid begins and records it for Facebook. He worries that WSU “will go into communications lockdown” after a history of fighting with the university “about hiding information and shutting out the taxpayers” (331).


The university puts out a vague statement of sympathy and cooperation, but Ellis thinks it lacks transparency and accountability. He reports that their attempts to contact the university have not been answered. Pullman Mayor Glenn Johnson shares these frustrations. Both men remember a drunk-driving incident with a former student that killed three WSU students and injured four others. The driver’s father was the head of the university’s criminal justice department. In a meeting with the WSU chancellor, he brings up this earlier case in a push for the university to change its ways.

Part 5, Chapter 105 Summary: “Pullman, Washington: December 30, 2022”

The Washington State University administration is in “a total meltdown” (335). Kohberger’s superiors are distraught at having accepted and sheltered him. The administration orders faculty and students not to give interviews. When graduate students from Kohberger’s PhD cohort arrive on campus, they are greeted by staff and police counselors. They are quickly besieged by journalists who pose as students and come to their offices wanting quotes. They decide that they will follow the case individually and talk to investigators, but they will not discuss Bryan Kohberger, not even among themselves.

Part 5, Chapter 106 Summary: “Moscow, Idaho: December 30, 2022”

The University of Idaho dean of students is relieved to hear that the killer was not from Moscow or the university. He knows it will make his students feel more secure. He reaches out to Jenna Hyatt, the dean of students at WSU, who has provided enormous support during the last six weeks. He offers his help as the “tidal wave” changes directions and hits her campus (338).

Part 5, Chapter 107 Summary: “Moscow, Idaho: December 30, 2022”

Lexi Pattinson, daughter of local lawyer Mike Pattinson, is angry at the information coming out of WSU. The university has a reputation for “hiding bad news” (340): their more extreme hazing, for example. She questions why WSU has not made a statement about the school’s role in fostering Kohberger. She blames Kohberger for the profound effects on the town: “It isn’t the same. We lock all our doors… all our car doors… our little town isn’t as safe as we thought it was” (341). She thinks WSU is primarily to blame.

Part 5, Chapter 108 Summary: “Montana: December 30, 2022”

Moscow Mayor Art Bettge is in an off-the-grid cabin when Kohberger’s arrest is announced. A neighbor comes to tell him the news. He borrows her internet connection to familiarize himself with the developments. He is relieved that Kohberger is from Pullman and not Moscow, but wonders why Pullman hadn’t flagged Kohberger’s white Elantra. He knows WSU to be on uneven financial footing due to a misallocation of funds toward football and away from the agricultural research they should be doing as a land-grant university. Moscow residents have a sense of pride in their town in comparison to Pullman, which they do not think has the same community aspect.

Part 5, Chapter 109 Summary: “Puerta Aventuras, Mexico: December 30, 2022”

Emily Alandt gets the news that the police have found the killer. She and the other friends don’t know him and don’t know how he knew Maddie, Kaylee, Xana, and Ethan. They try to find Kohberger on social media, but his footprint is already erased. She wonders why he killed only four of the six people in the house that night. Even though she’s relieved the killer has been caught, the fear does not leave her.

Part 5, Chapter 110 Summary: “Lehigh County, Pennsylvania: December 30, 2022”

When Josh Ferraro sees a photo of Bryan Kohberger on the news, he thinks the man looks familiar. A search through his emails reminds him that Kohberger is a guy he’d called “the Ghost,” a former lab partner of Josh’s who seemed strange and awkward. Like others, Josh and his former classmates wonder what they missed.

Part 5, Chapter 111 Summary: “Center Valley, Pennsylvania: December 30, 2022”

Katherine Ramsland, a former DeSales University professor of Bryan’s, is frustrated. The university issues an edict to faculty not to talk to the press. Ramsland is an expert in forensic psychology and extreme offenders and is, ironically, not permitted to apply her expertise to a case she has personal knowledge of. Instead, she has to read accounts of her class from others. Her students tell the media that Kohberger was particularly interested in the Elliot Rodger case. Her students tell the media that “they learned from Ramsland that psychopaths like Rodger and Rader are very hard to detect” (349). Students recall Kohberger as “normal,” but so do many people who have known killers before they killed.

Part 5, Chapter 112 Summary: “Saylorsburg, Pennsylvania: December 30, 2022”

Mark Baylis remembers Kohberger clearly and quickly realizes that the young man must have been his thief. He’d previously suspected it was some of the unhoused veterans he was housing nearby, but he hadn’t bothered to consider his son Jack’s friends as possible culprits.

Part 5, Chapter 113 Summary: “Effort, Pennsylvania: December 30, 2022”

When Connie Saba sees the news, her first thought is for Maryann Kohberger, Bryan’s mother. She knows Maryann would not want her to reach out, so she resolves to pray for her instead.

Part 5, Chapter 114 Summary: “Moscow, Idaho: January 4, 2023”

Bryan Kohberger is brought to the Latah County Jail, where he is placed in a cell alone under tight security. The priority is to keep Kohberger alive to stand trial.

Part 5 Analysis

Part 5, “Blame Game,” returns to the people and communities most directly affected by the murders, but reframes their grief through the news of Kohberger’s arrest. These chapters represent collective relief that the killer has been identified and neutralized, but that relief is quickly complicated by feelings of anger, guilt, blame, and unease. The title, “Blame Game,” signals the centrality of blame to one of the book’s central themes: The Importance of Community and the Dangers of Isolation. Once the killer is found, attention turns to fault, accountability, and an ongoing demand for answers. This demand for accountability is part of the community’s effort to knit itself back together after the rupture Kohberger has created.


The Chapins embody the search for closure. News of the arrest allows Hunter and Maizie to feel safe returning to school. Jim Chapin’s grim pragmatism about Kohberger’s fate reflects this idea of closure—the Chapins are moved to no further action than remembering and honoring Ethan. Jim’s comment that Steve Goncalves would not allow Bryan Kohberger to remain alive and free underscores another recurring thread in the book: the different ways the families channel grief into action. The Chapins turn to caregiving, while the Goncalveses seek to involve themselves in the process of justice. Whereas the Chapins have surrendered to the reality that nothing they can do could change the outcome of that night, the Goncalves family seeks to reclaim control by engaging with online spaces, hiring an attorney, and putting pressure on police and prosecutors.


These chapters also directly consider institutional responsibility. The authors juxtapose Evan Ellis’ coverage of the raid on Bryan Kohberger’s apartment with his critique of WSU’s lack of transparency with the public and the media. He recalls prior failures of transparency in crises. Mayor Johnson’s response similarly invokes the university’s history of failing to be accountable and responsive to tragedy. This sets the stage for one of the book’s larger concerns: how institutions like universities, towns, and law enforcement shape the aftermath of violence through their responses.


WSU becomes a focal point of blame. The university employed Kohberger, and their silence about his record of troubling behavior aligns with their history of mishandling crises by locking down communications. The failures of his cohort and professors to recognize the warning signs of psychopathy lead many to question and blame them. The university administration’s vague statement and immediate shift to opacity only amplifies perceptions of secrecy. Moscow residents like Lexi Pattinson blame them directly for Kohberger’s crimes.


The range of reactions from those who knew Kohberger before the murders critiques the usefulness of red flags—though many thought Kohberger was odd, none imagined that he would commit such a violent act. Even his cohort, who knew of his misogynistic views and inappropriate behavior with female students, did not connect his actions to the potential for deadly violence.


The recursive structure of these chapters mirrors the spread of the news itself. The return to the day of the arrest reinforces one of the book’s larger structural patterns: a narrative that doubles back to reframe the ordinary in light of new revelations. Just as the community retraces its steps—searching for missed signs and considering its own accountability—the book retraces its timeline, layering in new perspectives on Kohberger, the victims, and the institutions involved in the aftermath of the crime. Even with the closure of the killer being found, fear and uncertainty remain unresolved. Emily and her friends try to find Kohberger online, hoping to understand the motive and connection to the victims, but his digital footprint is already erased. Emily’s fear does not diminish even with Kohberger arrested. She struggles to understand the randomness of the violence inside the house—why Kohberger killed Maddie, Kaylee, Xana, and Ethan, but not Dylan or Bethany.


By the end of this section, blame spreads beyond Kohberger. He is the murderer, but those around him are also implicated. The title “Blame Game” represents the spread of responsibility from the individual (Kohberger) to those who overlooked or fostered the development of his psychopathy. Part 5 demonstrates that the story does not end with Kohberger’s arrest. Relief gives way to finger-pointing, grief to frustration, hope to lingering fear. The very identity of these communities shifts under the gaze of national media. Everyone involved has to learn about The Scarcity of Privacy in the Digital Age. Steve Goncalves uses his sudden fame to put pressure on the prosecution, while Stacy Chapin uses hers to extend her son’s agency beyond his death, making his memory a focal point of community. The novel’s looping structure complicates the idea of a linear progression in a crime like this, returning time and again to ask questions even as it fills in blanks. The murders were solved, but they continued to have a ripple effect that altered families, institutions, and communities in lasting ways.

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