48 pages • 1-hour read
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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of religious discrimination, graphic violence, death, and physical abuse.
Alex stays in the cellar for one day. He takes advantage of the light that enters by reading; he is determined not to use up his candles by reading at night. The next day, he goes to the apartment building next door through a passage in the wall he and his friends discovered. He finds many articles of clothing and gathers much of it in multiple blankets and then realizes it will all be worthless; when he and his father eventually escape the ghetto, the clothing will be too cumbersome. He trims his looted stash to three suits for his father, some clothing for himself, a Polish army hat, a folding chair, and a mattress. He makes several trips to get it all back to the cellar. The next day, he returns for food and candles but finds only a bread knife. A week goes by; he worries about his decreasing food supply when his father does not come.
Alex gets paper from the apartment next door and tries to start a diary: “Day Eight: ‘I’m getting hungry’ (50), but he does not continue it. He tries again to find food, this time taking Snow and traveling the “lofts” (likely, attic spaces), which are interconnected by building to building down the street. He crosses to the other side of the street and whistles for Snow to find food, but Snow finds none. He returns and spends the day growing hungrier. The next morning, he tries again. He finds a food stash hidden behind panels. He eats sugar, potatoes, crackers, and jam. A Jewish family creeps through the lofts and finds him; though Alex insists he found the food, the father, Marek, begins taking it all. He slaps Alex when Alex shouts in protest. The father tells Alex to go away, but Alex follows them as they try to leave the loft. The mother and daughter, Martha, tell the father to give Alex some food. Marek finally relents. They give him enough for only three or four days.
The next day, German soldiers and Polish policemen search the buildings on Bird Street. Alex waits in the cellar as they try to get down the hole; they cannot. He decides he should try to make the third- and fourth-floor apartments his hiding place. He can make rope ladders to climb up and use the third floor’s back window that overlooks the ghetto wall for a second route of escape. No one would see him or be able to get to those floors. He thinks about building a wooden ladder first to get up to the third floor; then he would fashion a rope ladder and make it secure enough to take up and down. But finding wood and hammering pieces is too problematic. Then, he works out a complex plan: Take the rope from the rope factory and short boards from the apartment to build a rope ladder, tie a rock to a long thin rope, throw the rock up to the third-floor apartment and through the back window, attach the new rope ladder to the thin dangling rope, pull the thin rope’s rock end till the rope ladder reaches the third floor, secure the rock end behind the building, and climb up.
Alex finds tools first and then heads through the lofts to the rope factory. He encounters a man laughing and cruelly trying to drag Martha. Alex orders the man away in a deep voice and fires the pistol. He is surprised that it works. Martha and Alex talk for a while until she leaves to return to her family’s hiding place.
When Alex gets to the rope factory, he worries about how he will gather the needed rope with a guard nearby. Then he witnesses thieves placing bagged-up rope near the gate to collect after dark. They walk off, and Alex takes one of their bags that has the perfect thick and thin rope for his ladder plan. On the way back, he stops at his old apartment. It has been looted; the Gryns are gone. Alex finds some candles, matches, and a backpack with some food that had belonged to the young son of the Gryns, Yossi.
Alex encounters a looter hiding from two other thieves arguing over jewelry. One thief knives the other. Alex and the looter chat; the man, Bolek, says he cannot share his secret way out of the ghetto. If Alex escapes, however, Bolek will try to help him. He gives Alex an address where he says he is a doorman.
Alex knows rope knots because Boruch taught him; this comes in handy as he constructs a rope ladder from the thick rope and wooden rungs he saw. It takes him only three tries to throw the rock through the third-floor window and tow the new ladder up by pulling on the rock end by way of the second-floor window. He secures the rock end and climbs up the new ladder; then, he fixes it in place by tying it to an exposed pipe. This apartment has a larder (a small food storage room, like a pantry) he can use to hide in; he covers small holes so he can light a candle inside it even at night without being seen. Triumphant, he returns to the cellar and tells Snow they will move the next day, which makes him recall the night before he and his parents moved to the ghetto. But Alex cannot sleep, thinking about his exposed ladder hanging in the ruins. So he moves some of his possessions, Snow, and Snow’s box up to the larder and pulls the ladder up before going to sleep.
The next morning, Alex moves the rest of his things. He tries the water in the third-floor apartment, and it runs. Thinking ahead to when he will need to leave for food and supply runs, he solves the problem of the exposed rope ladder by tying old, ruined electrical wires to it—one to hoist it up to the third floor by a metal ring that serves as a pulley and another wire to yank the ladder back down. Exhausted from solving problems, Alex shuts himself and Snow into the larder. Through an air vent hole he can open in the back of the building, he can see the Polish neighborhood, including a tavern with voices and music.
Structurally, the second set of chapters develops the rising action with conflict, complications, and discoveries. Alex’s conflicts deepen throughout the first week after he escapes from the soldiers; both his external conflicts (having no adult to care for him and having little food) and his internal conflicts (anxiety, fear, and loneliness) compound with the passage of time and his slow realization that his isolated stay in the ghetto may go on indefinitely. To represent this realization, the interior monologue of Alex’s voice generates a steady cadence of simple and compound sentences, reminiscent of a drum or a pounding heart: “Three more days went by. I read and ate the food that I had gotten from the Gryns. It was beginning to run low. No one entered the ruin, and there was no sign of father. It has been a whole week now. I began to worry” (49). The heartbeat-like cadence subtly adds to the mood of wariness.
Alex’s complications and discoveries throughout Chapters 6-10 interrupt his pounding worries, provide action that represents the early peaks in the rising action, and reveal his problem-solving skills. For example, he discovers that soldiers cannot get down to his cellar, but the realization that he has no alternate way out complicates the potentially long wait for his father. His brave plan to construct a ladder to the third floor and successfully make it both hidden and usable shows Alex’s Resourcefulness and Ingenuity for Survival: “I started to think about ropes. Why, I was an expert at them! That’s when I had the idea of a rope ladder” (57). This daring reaction in the face of complications indirectly demonstrates his initiative and intelligence. While his rope ladder plan is successful, it also immediately brings new complications: The ladder will be exposed while he ventures away, visible to anyone who wanders in. Rather than give up or become frustrated, Alex coaches himself to think it through, and soon he hits upon the use of wires and a pulley for hoisting the ladder and pulling it back down. This solution shows Alex’s cleverness and inventiveness, and his process of coming to a feasible solution demonstrates patience and analytical thinking.
Other plot points reveal Alex’s boldness and obstinacy along with his lonesomeness, which further develops Longing for Connection. When Marek threatens Alex over the food stash in the loft with, “If you don’t shut up, you little fool […] I’ll beat the daylights out of you” (54), Alex shows no fear; even after Marek slaps him, Alex tenaciously follows the family to get his fair share. Alex also shows boldness when he saves Martha from the laughing man by firing the pistol. While Alex has developed into a brash young man out of necessity in a short period, at the same time, he shows his vulnerability, youthfulness, and yearning for closeness by trying to keep Martha talking with him. That Alex cares greatly for the hairpin Martha gifts him shows the extent to which he misses human companionship.
In addition to complications, discoveries, and indirect characterization, Chapters 6-10 demonstrate numerous ironies that both imbue the narrative with a bittersweet tone and contribute an atmosphere of illogic and detachment from reality. For example, though Marek and his family are Jewish like Alex, and though this father could serve as a caretaker for Alex, he instead abuses Alex verbally and physically and tries to shun him. Only after the “weaker” family members (his wife and daughter) ask him repeatedly to do so does Marek share some food with Alex. Also, it is ironic that Alex seeks a safer shelter within Number 78 by climbing to the treacherous third floor, as it “sticks out” into the bombed-through center and is structurally unstable. A moment of almost comical irony occurs when Alex fires the pistol; he is relieved that his ploy works to save Martha but is surprised that the pistol even worked. Some ironies are also happy accidents for Alex, such as when he makes the fearful trek to steal the rope and encounters men already there thieving rope in perfect thicknesses for his purposes. His unexpected stealing from other thieves is also an example of The Opposing Forces of Fear and Luck, as Alex must navigate both factors to survive in an increasingly desperate circumstance.



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