63 pages 2-hour read

The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2001

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Prologue-Chapter 4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of graphic violence and death.

Prologue Summary: “The Old Priest”

In 1996, Father Damien Modeste sits in his retirement house near the graveyard in the Ojibwe reservation of Little No Horse, feeling a surge of wine-fueled energy. Feeling that he is nearing the end of his life, the elderly priest begins writing a final report to the Pope, declaring his decision to reveal information about the life and actions of Sister Leopolda—events that he learned under the seal of confession. However, he states that he is still keeping the identity of one murderer a secret. Father Damien also confesses that he is an impostor. Frustrated by decades of the Vatican’s silence to his previous letters, he pauses in his writing. As he considers the events of his life, he reflects on his pride at being adopted into the family of Nanapush, his first friend among the Ojibwe people. He also thinks about Lulu Nanapush, Nanapush’s daughter with Fleur Pillager, whom Damien now thinks of as akin to his own daughter.


Energized by a second wind, Father Damien grabs a notepad and writes for hours, describing his true identity and experiences. Exhausted from these efforts, he then prepares for bed, removing a tightly wrapped bandage from his chest, revealing that he was assigned female at birth. When he falls asleep, he accidentally knocks his written confession onto the floor.

Chapter 1 Summary: “Naked Woman Playing Chopin”

The narrative shifts many decades back in time to briefly introduce a German farmer named Berndt Vogel. A bedraggled woman (Agnes DeWitt) appears on Berndt’s doorstep and asks in German for shelter and food.


The narrative then shifts to six months earlier to describe Agnes’s time as a nun named Sister Cecilia. A talented pianist, her musical performances are so intense that she experiences physical orgasms upon playing Chopin and creates sensual music that deeply disturbs her fellow nuns. When the Mother Superior tries to prevent her from playing such music, she gives up her calling as a nun and leaves the convent, taking refuge with Berndt. The two begin a relationship centered around a grand Caramacchione piano, and their erotic life involves Agnes playing piano while naked for Berndt’s pleasure.


Agnes becomes a vital part of Berndt’s life, and the two are very happy together. One day, Agnes has the misfortune to visit the bank just as it is being robbed by Arnold Anderson and his gang. Anderson is known as “the Actor” for his convincing masquerades; this time, he is disguised as a priest, but when Agnes, a devout Catholic, sees through his disguise, he takes her hostage in the aftermath of the robbery, driving off with her in his car as law enforcement belatedly pursues. Berndt pursues them on horseback and has a violent standoff with the robbers. Momentarily unobserved, Agnes stuffs handfuls of cash into the lining of her coat. When Anderson moves to kill her, she distracts him, and the bullet grazes her skull and renders her unconscious. Berndt, believing her dead, deals Anderson a mortal wound but then dies of his own wounds. The blinded Anderson, trapped beneath Berndt’s body, sinks into the mud and drowns.


Later, after Agnes recovers from her head wound, she adapts to her resulting memory loss, which has caused her to forget much of her life with Berndt. She also forgets how the money came to be hidden in her jacket, but she deposits it in a bank for safe keeping, nonetheless. Berndt has bequeathed his farm to Agnes in his will, and she lives an increasingly isolated life, alone with her music. At one point, she receives a brief visit from Father Damien Modeste, a missionary priest who is traveling to a new posting at the Ojibwe reservation called Little No Horse.


Soon after the priest’s visit, a historic flood destroys Agnes’s home and farm. The rushing waters sweep Agnes into the river, where she clings to the piano as her only means of survival. The flood carries her away from her former life. This moment marks the beginning her transformation into an entirely new identity.

Chapter 2 Summary: “In the Thrall of the Grape”

Writing his confession in 1996, Father Damien recounts his origin story from 1912. The first-person account describes how Agnes survives the flood by using a jam of drowned cows to reach the shore of the Red River. She awakens in an abandoned hovel, experiencing a mystical vision in which a man she perceives as Christ tends to her wounds and feeds her. When she awakens again the next morning, she finds herself not in a settled cabin but in an “abandoned hovel.”


Inspired by this divine encounter, Agnes walks north and discovers the corpse of the real Father Damien Modeste, who drowned in the flood. She buries his body, cuts her hair short, and assumes his identity by donning his clerical clothing and taking his money and papers. Agnes has a vague thought that she once may have been a singer or had something to do with music, but the trauma of the flood has erased “the vast gift of her music” (45)—and even the memory of it.


Now disguised as Father Damien, she continues toward the Little No Horse reservation, where the original priest had been assigned. This identity theft marks her complete transformation from a pianist into a Catholic priest.

Chapter 3 Summary: “Little No Horse”

In 1996, Father Jude Miller, a Vatican investigator, arrives at the reservation to begin the sainthood inquiry for Sister Leopolda. Father Damien greets Father Jude with joy and demonstrates a level of foreknowledge of the canonization process that surprises Jude. Jude reads aloud from various letters of parishioners who have testified to Leopolda’s posthumous miracles and supernatural interventions.


When Jude directly asks whether Leopolda was a saint, Father Damien responds by gesturing toward his yard, where crows mob an owl in chaotic violence and emit a sound very much like sardonic laughter. Mary Kashpaw, Damien’s housekeeper, serves lunch to the two priests.


Father Damien tells Jude that their histories have been intertwined since his arrival at Little No Horse in 1912. He begins to recount how their connection started with a trick he played on Mary’s ancestor, setting up the narrative that will reveal the full scope of his long tenure on the reservation.

Chapter 4 Summary: “The Road to Little No Horse”

The narrative shifts back to 1912, with Father Damien’s arrival at Little No Horse. Disguised as a priest, Agnes travels by wagon with Kashpaw, an Ojibwe driver, to reach the reservation in the dead of winter. She finds the rectory in squalid condition and sleeps in the death robes of the previous priest, who perished in his quarters not long ago.


During her first Mass for the starving nuns, Agnes experiences a miracle when the Eucharist seemingly transforms into real meat and blood, providing physical nourishment to the desperate sisters. Sister Hildegarde Anne, the Mother Superior, urges the new priest to baptize the sick and dying. Agnes also meets the young Pauline Puyat, an eccentric young parishioner of Ojibwe and French heritage who will become the future Sister Leopolda.


To maintain her masculine disguise, Agnes creates a mental list of rules for how best to alter her behavior and mannerisms. These guidelines help her navigate the challenges of living as a male priest while concealing her biological identity.

Prologue-Chapter 4 Analysis

In the tumultuous early chapters of the novel, Erdrich illustrates The Fluidity of Gender and Identity as Agnes DeWitt transforms from the music-charmed Sister Cecilia into a more pragmatic, sensual version of herself in Berndt’s company and then finally becomes Father Damien Modeste, utterly revolutionizing the path of her life. As she embraces a series of masks, one after another, the narrative suggests that identity itself is something that can be adopted and discarded at will. Erdrich’s strategic shifts between male and female pronouns contribute to this effect by indicating Agnes’s inward sense of herself (or Father Damien’s sense of himself) in any given moment. In some instances, these shifts take place rapidly from one moment—and one sentence—to the next, implicitly illustrating the amorphous, fluid nature of personal identity.


Well before this era of her life, however, Agnes must first shed the persona of Sister Cecilia, and in the midst of this process, the piano emerges as a potent symbol representing her passionate inner life and intense musical talent. As she experiences the dangerous power of uncontrolled artistic expression, the instrument initially serves as a conduit for her repressed sexuality and spiritual fervor, transforming her modest convent cell into a space of ecstatic communion. Her playing of Chopin becomes explicitly erotic and produces “a peaceful wave of oneness in which she enter[s] pure communion” (15). This imagery deliberately conflates musical and sexual climaxes in ways that threaten to overturn the convent’s rigid spiritual order. Thus, in order to remain true to the wild authenticity of her music, Agnes must leave the limiting world of the convent. Later in the narrative, when she strips away her clothes and plays the piano for the adoring Berndt, the instrument itself becomes the altar of their unconventionally erotic connection. In this context, music replaces traditional matrimonial vows and becomes the binding force in their relationship.


One final shift occurs with the piano’s destruction in the flood, as this moment severs Agnes’s connection to her previous life and carries her toward her new calling. In this particular scene, the flood that engulfs Agnes and the piano functions as a complex symbol of destruction and baptismal rebirth, illustrating the novel’s focus on spiritual transformation through crisis. The flood that destroys Agnes’s farm represents the violent dismantling of her old life, washing away her material possessions and her very awareness of her innate musical talent. However, this apparent catastrophe also becomes the mechanism of her salvation, carrying her north toward her true calling as Father Damien. In this same vein, Agnes’s mystical experience (her encounter with the divine figure who feeds her broth and comforts her) emphasizes the intensity of her spiritual renewal. The water’s ambivalent nature reflects the complex relationship between destruction and creation in spiritual experience, suggesting that authentic transformation requires the complete dissolution of former selves.


This section of the novel also establishes Erdrich’s deliberately nonlinear style, emphasizing the patchwork quality of personal memories that blend with community narratives to become a grand but deceptive tapestry of human experience. For example, Father Damien’s decades-long correspondence with the Pope creates an alternative historical record that challenges official ecclesiastical accounts, positioning the act of writing as both confession and historical testimony. The reports function as a form of spiritual archaeology, excavating buried truths about reservation life even as Damien’s actions over time reflect an incongruous blend of Ojibwe beliefs and Catholic strictures, as well as the complex ethical dilemmas involved in missionary work.


Notably, Agnes’s transformation into Father Damien (and her continued existence in this form) can only be sustained through a complex version of storytelling, for she must constantly narrate herself into existence as a male Catholic priest. Additional layers of storytelling also arise with the appearance of Father Jude Miller in the 1996 timeline as he investigates Sister Leopolda’s potential sainthood; with the younger priest’s presence, official Church inquiry competes with Damien’s personal testimonies. Ultimately, the novel’s epistolary framing presents the act of writing as a source of both preservation and resistance, allowing marginalized voices to survive beyond their immediate historical moment.

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