58 pages 1-hour read

The Life Cycle of the Common Octopus

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2025

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Part 2Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2: “Winter”

Part 2, Chapter 23 Summary

Content Warning: This section of the guide contains a description of sexual assault.


Pen thinks about her involvement in the campus Reeling Society (a kind of traditional dance), and she also contemplates the ball that she and Fergus are chairing together. Alice has been absent for weeks, claiming to be busy with rehearsals. Although Pen knows that something is happening between Alice and Julian, she cautions Jo against mentioning it, telling her that Alice might feel embarrassed or judged by them. Jo has also been absent, claiming to be studying. Missing Sasha and feeling embarrassed, Pen grows increasingly isolated and wishes that she could share her woes with one of her friends.


At rehearsals for Reeling Society, she drinks heavily and enjoys herself by dancing, especially with Fergus. She knows that he has a crush on her, and they kiss at the end of rehearsals, then go back to his room and continue to make out. However, she tells him that she isn’t going to have sex with him and leaves, feeling that she has made the right choice.

Part 2, Chapter 24 Summary

Alice has embarked on an affair with Julian and meets him in his office every Tuesday afternoon. He also meets her after rehearsals and at random times throughout the week, taking her to his apartment. She knows that he is married and that his wife assumes he is working late, but she doesn’t let this situation bother her. However, she is beginning to chafe at his controlling nature. She feels that he wants more than she does, and she keeps reassuring herself that she will leave the affair when she is tired of it.


She is reluctant to speak about the affair to Pen, worried that Pen will believe Alice to be reenacting her parents’ marriage, which has been marred by her father’s frequent affairs.

Part 2, Chapter 25 Summary

At dinner in the cafeteria, Flossie sits with Pen and shows her some gossip magazines that include photos of Sasha skiing with his on-again, off-again girlfriend, Lady Charlotte “Lottie” Rutherford. Pen feels a wave of self-pity.


Increasingly isolated from her friends and now cramming for exams, she finally downloads chat on her computer one night. Both Chet and Sasha reach out, and Sasha says that they have missed her. He adds that George thinks she has met a boy. Pen tells Sasha that she has (meaning Fergus), and ends the chat abruptly. She calls Jo and Alice but receives no answer. When she falls asleep, she has a dream in which she is carrying her father’s suitcase. Upon awakening, she is annoyed by the heavy-handed metaphor that her subconscious invented.

Part 2, Chapter 26 Summary

Pen finishes exams, feeling a sense of calm and relief. She, Jo, and Alice dress carefully and attend the Reeling Ball. She dances well, and towards the end of the night, she kisses Fergus. After dinner, they go back to his room, and this time she intends to have sex with him. However, they are interrupted when Hugo and some other friends burst in with drinks. Fergus kicks them out and locks the door, but Pen is now nervous and feels that the moment is ruined. She is relieved when she realizes that Fergus is struggling to maintain an erection, so she gently ends the evening, happy to escape but not realizing how embarrassed he is.

Part 2, Chapter 27 Summary

While on the bus to the airport, Alice is saddened to feel a new distance between herself and Pen. The night before, Hugo and the other boys had reported to everyone that they caught Pen and Fergus making out, and rumors continued to fly all night, becoming more and more salacious. Alice doesn’t tell Pen about the gossip because she doesn’t want to worry her, and she hopes that by the end of the winter break, no one will remember or care.


She also reflects on how much she cares about Charlie and his friendship. She worries that his idea of her would change if he knew about Julian. At the airport, she and Pen hug goodbye. Pen is travelling home, and Alice is meeting her family in Mexico, hoping that some time on the beach will help her to forget her troubles.

Part 2, Chapter 28 Summary

Ted picks Pen up from the airport, and she is relieved to see him. He drives her to Anna’s house and leaves without coming to say hello. She is happy to see her mother and their dog and relaxes into life at her childhood home. She tries to talk to her mother about the Lennoxes but realizes that the subject is painful to her, so she stops. They kiss goodnight.


Over breakfast, Anna apologizes for being evasive about the Lennoxes. She tells Pen that when Ted was establishing his career and spending a lot of time in London, she suffered the first of several miscarriages. Anna’s foster father also died, and she didn’t get to say goodbye to him. She also tells Pen that they had chosen the name of “Elliot” for the son they lost. Although Anna is happy with her life now, she still finds those years difficult to reflect upon.

Part 2, Chapter 29 Summary

Pen spends the next weeks in a blur of festive activity. When she visits her father, she doesn’t learn any new information, but she does notice signs of a woman’s presence in his apartment cabinets, and she realizes that he is seeing someone. She also gets texts from George and Sasha and realizes that she misses the Lennoxes. She decides that she is not the wronged party in her previous visit and realizes that she barged in during an awkward weekend for the Lennox family. She and Sasha share a brief, flirty text exchange, and she feels happy and hopeful.


When Anna bids Pen goodbye, she gives Pen her old diaries from when she first met Ted, saying that although she no longer remembers what it feels like to be Pen’s age, the diaries might bridge the gap. At the door, Ted arrives to pick Pen up, and to her surprise, he and Anna exchange a formal but friendly greeting.

Part 2, Chapter 30 Summary

Back in Edinburgh, Alice is determined to focus on engaging in normal first-year activities. During her vacation, she saw a photo of Julian on Facebook with his pregnant wife under a sign that read “It’s a Girl.” Horrified by his behavior and her own, she texted him to tell him that their affair is over, and she resolves never to see him again.


She has lunch with Jo, and the two confess their secrets to one another. Alice admits the truth about Julian and declares that she is through with him, to Jo’s relief. Jo tells her that she has reconnected with Sylvia and has been meeting her during the times when she told everyone she was studying. Jo also says that the rumor mill is flying about Pen and Fergus as well as Pen and Sasha; Alice angrily defends Pen’s reputation.


After lunch, they meet Pen at the dorm and tease her about her suitors while she unpacks.

Part 2, Chapter 31 Summary

Avoiding Julian, Alice goes to the TV lab, which is dark and abandoned. She is shocked when he finds her there and tries to force himself on her. She fights back, and he leaves, but not before insulting her by declaring that she won’t last long with another man. Alice runs towards the French building to find Pen.

Part 2, Chapter 32 Summary

Julian is fuming and cannot believe that Alice has rejected him. He feels that he is owed sex. Also, because he is not attracted to his pregnant wife, he is angry that Alice no longer wants to continue their affair. He also suspects that she might have gossiped about him to her friends. During the tutorial, he is surprised when Pen seems to be flirting with him. She gives him her phone number, and the two exchange some texts. Later, Pen meets Julian at a bar and slips some underwear into his pocket, telling him that she has been jealous of Alice. She leaves early, before he can kiss her.

Part 2, Chapter 33 Summary

In Alice’s dorm, Pen explains her plan to Jo, telling her about Julian’s attack on Alice and their lack of evidence proving that the incident occurred. Pen decided to make sure to get enough evidence of Julian’s behavior so that she and Alice can go to the dean and report him.


The other girls help Pen to flirt with Julian via text until he sends her a dick pic, thus sealing his fate. They all fall asleep in Alice’s dorm as they watch Audrey Hepburn’s War and Peace and comfort Alice, who does not want to be alone.

Part 2 Analysis

In this section, both Pen and Alice undergo more painful and perilous aspects of The Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood as they navigate disaster and disappointment in their romantic relationships. For example, Pen is so devastated by Sasha’s rejection that she decides to respond to Fergus’s advances despite her lack of interest in him as a romantic partner. Although the two dance beautifully together at the Reeling Society Ball and share flirtatious banter, the narrative suggests that they lack any real chemistry. When they kiss, Pen reflects that there is “something starched and formal in it. Like a neatly wrapped bar of guest soap” (187). Likewise, when Fergus takes Pen back to his room, she tries in vain to talk herself into having sex, thinking, “It’s not that bad […]. He’s attracted to you, which you can’t say of everyone. You can’t say it of Sasha” (192). When Fergus’s failure to remain aroused provides an awkward end to the evening, Pen’s secret relief delivers a comic twist to what should have been a romantic interlude and reveals the mismatch between her expectations and reality.


While Pen’s first forays into the world of romance are fairly harmless, Alice must deal with a rapidly accelerating threat level as her relationship with Julian sours, ending on a dark and violent note. Even the reasons behind her dalliance hint at the unresolved issues of her own past, for Alice admits to herself that she has been avoiding Pen because she worries that Pen might try to draw parallels between Alice’s affair with Julian and her parents’ disastrous marriage , which has been marred by her father’s repeated infidelities and her mother’s insistence on ignoring them. Although Alice ironically draws this parallel herself, she nonetheless resents this connection because “[she did not want to think about her parents. She was her own person. She did not want to see her behavior from any point of view but hers” (174). Although she imagines that she will be able to leave Julian easily, she soon finds that extracting herself from this predicament proves to be both difficult and dangerous. As Julian stalks her and tries to assault her in an empty lab room, Alice is forced to abandon a great deal of her former naiveté amidst the very real threat that his behavior represents.


The gravity of Julian’s behavior is further emphasized when the author briefly shifts from her usual pattern of featuring women as the point-of-view characters and instead illuminates Julian’s perspective. His viewpoint reveals the true extent of his callousness and misogyny, emphasizing his harmful belief that he is entitled to women’s bodies—especially the bodies of his students. The passage also shows that he still perceives himself in positive terms despite his casual approach to infidelity. Ironically, even as he reflects that he is no longer attracted to his heavily pregnant wife, Emily, he tells himself that he is “a good husband, a helpful husband” (240). As he goes on to describe Emily falling asleep early, “beached on her side with a pillow between her knees” and sleeping “the sleep of the whales” (240), his thoughts become a stark reminder of his callous objectification of women. In an implicit continuation of this marine metaphor, his point of view shows him to be a dangerous example of the “sharks” that Alice earlier boasted that she knew how to avoid.


In a sharp contrast to these ominous dynamics, Knight also emphasizes The Importance of Female Friendships and solidarity by detailing the breakdown and subsequent repair of Alice and Pen’s closeness. At the beginning of winter break, Alice frets that the gap between them has widened. On the bus to the airport, for example, each girl is “wearing her own headphones, listening to her own music” (195), and Alice finds the silence “oppressive” rather than companionable. She also worries that Julian’s possessiveness and Pen’s silence have collectively damaged her friendship with Pen, and she “miss[es] the openness they had lost” (198). However, despite the strained nature of the friends’ day-to-day interactions, it is still to Pen that Alice turns for help when Julian attacks her, for she knows that her best friend will support her.


Likewise, after the attack, Pen is the one who concocts the risky plan to obtain enough evidence to engineer Julian’s downfall by revealing his misdeeds to the university. When she enacts the plan, her own reputation takes a hit because other students assume that she is the person having an affair with Julian. However, Pen sees this as a chance to free herself from the constraints of worrying about what others might think, and even as Alice appreciates the fact that the pair’s friendship is intact, she also notices that Pen has changed and become “more spontaneous,” as if she is “coming into herself” (245). In turn, Alice has learned to rely upon the help of her friends in vulnerable moments. Through these joint experiences, both women begin to change as they grow and mature, supporting one another throughout this difficult process.

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