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Early in the novel, when Mike is working with the yellow pager crew on a haphazardly conceived robbery, an important aspect of his worldview emerges: his disdain for those who lack the skill or patience to work carefully, and who instead rely on brute strength and resort to violence. Mike takes pride in the subtlety and delicacy of his craft. The reader learns late in the novel, when Mike describes his apprenticeship with the Ghost, that Mike learned these values from his mentor: The Ghost emphasizes to Mike that he is “an artist” and that his “time is way more valuable than anybody else’s time” (264)—that is, his skills give him higher status than any of his criminal compatriots who do leg work.
The Ghost likewise stresses that violence is the recourse of the inferior-minded. Showing Mike the safe that has been wrecked by cutting, drilling, and other violent means, the Ghost says, “These are the methods of crude men. […] No patience. No skill. No intelligence. Just brute strength” (230). Similarly, he instructs, “You do not so much as touch a gun unless it’s an emergency” (263). Because of these values Mike absorbed from the Ghost, he distinguishes himself from other men throughout the novel: He looks down on the men in the yellow pager crew for their lack of careful planning; on his classmate Trey for needlessly smashing the Marshes’ aquarium during the break-in; on Mr. Marsh for his bluster; on Zeke and Gunnar for their violent, territorial defenses of Amelia and Lucy; and on Sleepy Eyes for his mindless killing and thirst for blood. Although Mike intentionally cultivates strength—weight training with Gunnar—and perpetrates violence in self-defense on several occasions in the novel, he seems to consider his aversion to these physical feats a matter of moral integrity and intellectual superiority.
Although Mike never displays willingness to discuss his childhood trauma and its aftereffects in clinical terms (and even openly resists a therapeutic approach to his trauma), trauma and coping loom large as themes in the novel. The foundation of Mike’s character is his childhood trauma, and his most notable features—his muteness and his obsession with locks—are obvious coping mechanisms (see Symbols & Motifs section), although he never acknowledges them as such. When Mike is discussing his treatment after the incident, he expresses hostility toward the “psychologists and counselors” who were always “poking at” him (35). He scoffs, “I wasn’t repressed,” and describes his stubborn unwillingness to cooperate with suggested therapeutic approaches to processing his trauma (35). His statement in Chapter 1 that his memory of the incident is “[l]ocked up here inside [him],” however, demonstrates that he has some awareness—even if it is not explicit or conscious—that his muteness is a sign of emotional repression (2).
Furthermore, one of Mike’s primary means of bonding with Amelia is over their common experience of having survived traumatic childhood events—for Amelia, the suicide of her mother. Even before they meet in person, when Mike hears about Amelia’s mother’s death, he is drawn to the idea of “[s]omeone who had been through at least some of the same things I had been” (104). In one of Mike’s early comic strips for Amelia, he writes, “If only she knew how much we have in common…” (146). In response, Amelia writes in her comic, “If he can talk to anybody, it should be me” (149). Amelia’s firsthand understanding of trauma makes her the only person with whom Mike feels comfortable being vulnerable, and in the final chapter, he expresses optimism that one day she might help him overcome his muteness. This very expression of hope signifies a crucial development that occurs over the course of the novel: Mike softens his obstinacy about his muteness and expresses a desire to heal from his trauma.
The novel thematizes independence and dependence in various ways. Growing up under the loose guardianship of Uncle Lito, Mike was relatively independent during his grade school years. The moment when he leaves his hometown for a criminal life on the run would seem like a further step in the direction of independence, but at that point Mike feels utterly dependent on the man in Detroit. When the Ghost gives Mike the color-coded pagers, he explains, “The man on the other side of the red pager is the man who allows you to do what you do. Everything else that happens, happens because he lets it happen” (265-66). Mike conceptualizes his relationship with the man in Detroit as that of a dog to its abusive master. When the red pager beeps, Mike thinks to himself, “It’s the master calling, […] I have to run barking all the way home” (204).
Beyond these concrete instances of independence and dependence, the novel also grapples with the issue of emotional dependence. Although Mike feels comfortable being intimate with Amelia, he is resistant to the idea of being emotionally dependent on her (until the very last chapter, when he revels in her comic-strip fantasy about her rescuing him). Rather, he imagines that she is dependent on him. He believes her safety depends on him pursuing a criminal life, telling her, “I’m trying to protect you” (268). The reversal of this power dynamic in the last chapter, therefore, is all the more poignant: Mike finally acknowledges that Amelia, in fact, has the power over him—that he is dependent on her for his emotional security.



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