The Man In The Iron Mask

Alexandre Dumas

56 pages 1-hour read

Alexandre Dumas

The Man In The Iron Mask

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1850

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Chapters 30-33Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 30 Summary

Raoul and Athos head to De Beaufort’s lodgings in Paris. At his mansion, De Beaufort distributes his assets among his creditors as he aims to sell off as much as he can to finance the trip to Africa. De Beaufort gives Raoul orders to travel ahead of him and recruit more soldiers on the way. He proposes that since Athos travels with Raoul, he will help him with recruitment and not bear to leave him alone to his task. As Athos and Raoul depart, they determine that De Beaufort’s trip is more a vanity project than an expedition benefiting France.

Chapter 31 Summary

By the time Athos and Raoul reach Toulon, there is no sign of D’Artagnan, and his trail has since gone cold. One fisherman at the docks says they cannot take to the water yet, since he needs to repair his boat due to a nobleman loading a hefty carriage case onto the vessel and insisting on a speedy voyage. The fisherman tried protesting, but the man beat him with his cane. When he tried to involve his guild, the man presented papers that overrode their authority, leaving the fisherman no right to refuse. While on the water, the fisherman tried to protest again when the man wanted to change his route, and the man attacked him. The fisherman took out his ax in self-defense but was caught off-guard when a second man emerged from the carriage case. This second man wore “a black helmet and a black mask,” which covered his entire face and head (260). The fisherman jumped overboard, fearing the second man to be a devil, and the boat drifted into the sands of Ste. Marguerite’s. The two men left unscathed, and the fisherman recovered his boat after they both left.


Athos and Raoul journey onward to the island where the boat ran aground, hoping to see the governor of Ste. Marguerite’s and investigate the fisherman’s claims. Once ashore, Athos and Raoul find a fortress tucked away among the fruit trees, patrolled by a single soldier. Athos suddenly sees a hand waving at them from a high window. The hand throws down a silver plate, onto which a message was carved with a knife. The carving reads: “I am the brother of the King of France—a prisoner today—a madman tomorrow. French gentlemen and Christians, pray to God for the soul and the reason of the son of your masters” (262). Suddenly, a soldier on the wall fires his musket at them. They narrowly avoid being shot as the soldier tells his comrades to make ready another round of fire. More soldiers move from the garrison to prepare their muskets when D’Artagnan suddenly runs up behind Athos and Raoul, ordering the soldiers to hold their fire. D’Artagnan explains that they were fired upon because they read the message on the silver plate; he tells the fortress governor that Athos and Raoul are Spaniards and cannot read French, and he then scratches out the words on the plate, saving all three of their lives.

Chapter 32 Summary

D’Artagnan, Athos, and Raoul share with one another the information they know about the prisoner and, by sharing all their knowledge, they arrive at the same conclusions: the prisoner is a secret prince of France, and Aramis is now a fugitive for his involvement in the scheme. D’Artagnan worries about Athos and Raoul’s safety since they know Philippe’s identity. Later, D’Artagnan and Raoul discuss the young man’s love for La Valliere. D’Artagnan suggests he visit her one last time because seeing her with a jealous man's eyes might make him fall out of love. Raoul does not think this would be possible, and D’Artagnan suggests that he instead write her a letter before he leaves for Africa. At first, Raoul writes a long letter declaring his continuing love for her, but D’Artagnan suggests something more straightforward. Raoul writes a letter stating that he wants to tell her he loves her one more time, and then to punish himself for writing it to her, he would go to Africa and die. He asks D’Artagnan to deliver the letter to La Valliere on the occasion of his death. Outside, a boat arrives.

Chapter 33 Summary

The boat carries a messenger from King Louis, bearing an order for D’Artagnan to return to Paris immediately. D’Artagnan offers Athos a ride back with him, but Athos insists on staying with Raoul until he leaves for Africa. Athos says he will arrive in Paris no more than a few days after D’Artagnan. Athos and Raoul finish preparations for De Beaufort’s departure. De Beaufort himself arrives in due time, and after inspecting Raoul’s work, he praises his diligence and invites Athos and Raoul to dine with him that night. As it is the evening before they set sail, Athos and Raoul decide to decline the invitation, preferring to share one more meal together before parting. Father and son share an emotional goodbye, and Athos decides to send Grimaud, their aide, along with Raoul so he will not be without a friend in Africa. Raoul and Grimaud board the admiral’s vessel, and Athos returns to his camp alone.

Chapters 30-33 Analysis

De Beaufort’s expedition to Africa is a vanity project, but Raoul is still determined to serve in his army—backing out now would be dishonorable. While traveling on orders to Toulon, Athos suspects they will run into D’Artagnan at some point, but they do not, and this causes Athos to suspect that D’Artagnan is traveling incognito. Much in the way that the reader could infer it had been a long time since D’Artagnan had seen Aramis and Porthos, one may reasonably assume it has been even longer since he has seen Athos or Raoul. This explains why they do not spend the entire journey to Toulon recruiting soldiers; they are focused on the possibility of meeting up with D’Artagnan.


When Athos and Raoul arrive on Ste. Marguerite’s, they are stunned by the natural beauty of the island. This is the first time in the novel that the narrative moves outside of busy city streets and places us in nature instead of describing it in hypotheticals. Dumas’s descriptions of nature depict a vibrant landscape full of possibilities, and this land is both frightening and exciting as it holds new crops and flowers. The garrison on the island stands out against this backdrop, and its tamed, regimented gardens demonstrate a more picturesque, aesthetics-focused attitude toward nature not seen outside the walls.


D’Artagnan offers Raoul advice on love, and the suggestions he makes are sensible given his perception of love. D’Artagnan sees it as a logical matter: if Raoul were to see La Valliere again and see her interact with King Louis, he would realize that she does not love him, making him get over her. But what D’Artagnan fails to realize is that Raoul’s feelings do not necessarily follow logic. His love for La Valliere runs too deep, and his grief over losing her is still too fresh and too strong for either emotion to be quelled by logic. Despite not understanding one another’s emotional capacities, both men engage in an up-front discussion about these feelings in such a way that suggests self-awareness and emotional maturity that may contradict a modern reader’s view of masculine feelings. Raoul especially feels quite deeply and is unashamed to cry, and neither D’Artagnan nor Athos shames him for it. They support him in a challenging time, and they try hard to understand him. 

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