63 pages 2-hour read

The Sea of Trolls

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2004

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Chapters 13-18Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of suicidal ideation, graphic violence, and death.

Chapter 13 Summary: “Olaf Explains the Afterlife”

Olaf’s ship continues its voyage north, and the leader teaches Jack more about his language and culture because he wants the young bard to be able to write songs in his honor. The siblings are the only captives remaining on board the vessel. When Jack asks Olaf to let his sister go, the man strikes him. Lucy comes to her brother’s defense, and her knowledge of the Northmen’s curse words amuses and placates Olaf.


Jack observes that Thorgil is despondent, and Olaf explains that the shield maiden hoped to perish on her first expedition. The Northmen believe that dying in combat is the only way to reach Valhalla, the heaven where “the best and brightest spent all day in ferocious battle” and all night feasting (124). Warriors who don’t die in battle are sent to Hel’s frozen realm with the thralls. The conversation about afterlives reminds the young bard of his teacher, who said that he would “retire to the Islands of the Blessed with the ancient kings and queens of Ireland” when he died (126).

Chapter 14 Summary: “The Lost Bird”

The ship sails eastward. When a storm springs up, Olaf asks Jack to work magic. The boy calms the sea by tapping into the life force and calling up fog, an achievement that makes him feel like a real bard. Jack’s connection to the life force allows him to sense that a crow is flying above the ship, and he calls to the exhausted bird: “It’s all right. I’ll save you” (132). Corvids are sacred to Odin, and the Northmen are amazed at seeing one so far out at sea. Jack proclaims that he has many powers, including speaking with animals, and the awed warriors hurry to fetch food and water for him and the bird.


Thorgil questions whether Jack is really a bard, and he discloses his mentor’s identity. The shield maiden knows about the Bard, whom the Northmen call Dragon Tongue, because she and the rest of the band serve Queen Frith and King Ivar. Jack’s connection to Dragon Tongue troubles Olaf, but he believes Jack when the boy claims that the Nightmare killed the Bard. The leader tells his men to conceal the identity of the boy’s teacher from the queen because the knowledge would anger her. Later that day, Jack realizes that the crow is the same bird that came to him after the Bard was attacked by the Nightmare.

Chapter 15 Summary: “Bold Heart”

The next morning, Jack names the crow Bold Heart because it lost a claw to a predator but survived. Olaf orders Jack to lift the fog, a feat the Bard never taught him. The boy accidentally calls down a deluge that nearly sinks the ship. Just in time, the clouds part, and the sun shines down. Jack isn’t responsible for this stroke of good fortune, but he allows the raiders to believe it’s the result of his magic. At first, Olaf is outraged because the rain destroyed much of their plunder, but soon everyone on the ship is laughing together because they’re relieved to be alive.


The ship resumes its journey. As they row, the men sing songs about life’s troubles and the endurance of a warrior’s glory. Jack sees a sort of courage in them as “murderous scum,” especially when he sees how the rain has ruined the foodstuffs for which the raiders killed innocent people.


When the ship nears land, an elderly crew member named Rune determines that they’re in the territory of Gizur Thumb-Crusher. At this report, Olaf asks his men, “Who wants to go berserk?” (151).

Chapter 16 Summary: “Gizur Thumb-Crusher”

Thorgil is furious when Olaf tells her to remain behind and guard the ship. Her anger intensifies when she learns that Olaf wants the young bard to accompany the raid so he can work it into a song about him later. Olaf explains to Jack that being a berserker is something inherited through a warrior’s bloodline. Most berserkers can choose when they succumb to the frenzy, but Thorgil’s father could not, and he killed his three-year-old son. The men drink a wolf-brew made from bog myrtle, and Olaf rubs the dregs on Jack so that the berserkers will know that he isn’t their enemy when the fit is upon them. Jack stands frozen in place as he watches the berserkers slaughter the men, women, children, and animals of Gizur’s village.


In the morning, the raiders gather their plunder. Overwhelmed by the destruction he’s witnessed, Jack wades into the sea in the hope of drowning and joining the Bard on the Islands of the Blessed. The rune of protection pulses with warmth, and the boy hears his mentor’s voice: “Death must be fought with life, and that means courage and that means joy” (161). He returns to land.

Chapter 17 Summary: “Rune”

The Northmen feast and rejoice over their spoils, especially a cache of salt. Jack is appalled by their drunken merrymaking and their equally crude songs about the Norse gods’ exploits. Rune refrains from the celebration and speaks to Jack about the Bard, whom he describes as “a good man” and “a true warrior” who “corrupted” him with his zeal for life (164). Rune knows that Jack’s horror of bloodshed bars him from composing the songs that Olaf expects from him and that Olaf will kill the boy if he fails to perform as his personal bard. Rune was a bard before his throat was wounded in battle, and he offers to compose a poem about Olaf and teach it to Jack. During their poetry lessons, Rune teaches Jack that bards’ songs draw magical power from the life force, which Rune understands as Yggdrassil, “the great Tree that rises through the nine worlds” (168).


Olaf carves wooden figurines of people and animals for Lucy, and the girl becomes angry at Bold Heart when the crow steals her toys. The bird listens when Jack tells him to stop teasing his sister. Olaf’s men find Jack’s ability to communicate with Bold Heart eerie, and Thorgil accuses him of witchcraft, a crime punishable by death in their culture. Jack wishes that his mentor was with him or that he was a witch with the power to turn Thorgil into a worm.

Chapter 18 Summary: “The Sea of Trolls”

Olaf and his men grow more cheerful as they approach their homeland because they expect the queen to welcome them with honor. Olaf shows Jack the Sea of Trolls, an icy, choppy stretch of water that leads to the frozen mountains where the Jotuns are believed to have come from. The man explains that Jotuns can’t lie, but they can look into people’s minds and see what humans plan to do next. For this reason, berserkers are the only warriors known to be able to defeat them; “Jotuns can’t read our minds because we don’t have any!” (176). Olaf claims that trolls would have devoured all humans long ago if not for berserkers.


Jack is terrified of Queen Frith, and he considers giving the rune of protection to Lucy. Thorgil can’t see the object, but she can see that Jack is holding something and tries to take it from him. The pendant burns her, and Olaf punishes her for Jack by forbidding her from the warriors’ place of honor at their welcome-home feast.

Chapters 13-18 Analysis

In the novel’s third section, Jack’s role as Olaf’s personal bard shapes his experience of the “Tests, Allies, and Enemies” stage of the hero’s journey. The protagonist’s new status affords him a measure of protection from Olaf and his followers. However, as Rune warns Jack, this safety only lasts as long as the boy maintains a convincing performance despite his limited training as a bard: “Olaf wants his own personal skald. […] It adds to his fame. If he thinks you can’t perform, he’ll kill you” (166). In addition, Thorgil’s hatred for Jack becomes more intense after he becomes Olaf’s bard because she covets the leader’s favor. The enmity between the children makes her eventual transformation into his closest ally more significant. Farmer also creates suspense by reminding the reader that Jack is getting closer and closer to the novel’s chief antagonist, Queen Frith, and an even more dangerous test: “Jack felt dizzy with fear. […] If [Frith’s] spirit, weakened as it was then from being cast across the sea, was that terrifying, what would it be like up close?” (178).


The new allies Jack gains in these chapters help him endure his tests. At this stage of the hero’s journey, the protagonist’s skills are often still a work in progress. Likewise, Jack pretends that he knows what he’s doing when he summons fog because he doesn’t know how to calm a storm, and the downpour he causes in Chapter 15 is an accident. Many fantasy and adventure stories feature animal companions, and Bold Heart quickly proves his worth as an ally by helping Jack impress the Northmen. Farmer puts a twist on the animal companion trope because, unbeknownst to Jack, the crow is really his mentor the Bard. Additionally, Olaf becomes another mentor to Jack by instructing him in the Northmen’s language and culture. Although the protagonist and the leader are not yet close allies, Jack’s ability to distinguish between “Good Olaf, who carved toys for Lucy, and Bad Olaf, who sat panting on the ridge overlooking Gizur’s village” reflects how their relationship shifts as Jack learns more about the multi-faceted man (177). This section also introduces Rune, who becomes a key helper for Jack. Their shared background and mutual friendship with the Bard allow for greater understanding between Rune and Jack than the other Northmen. Rune prepares the hero for one of his most high-stakes tests in the entire story, performing a praise song that will meet Olaf’s approval. Jack’s performance of Rune’s poem in the next section exerts a major impact on the rest of the plot.


Farmer advances the theme of The Power of Belief by examining how the Northmen’s religion influences their actions. Their culture prizes violence to the point that they believe death in battle is the only way to reach the highest heaven, “Odin’s stronghold called Valhalla” (124). Thorgil’s despondency and disregard for her life trace directly back to what she’s been taught about the afterlife. In contrast, Jack draws comfort from the belief that the Bard is waiting for him on the peaceful Islands of the Blessed. The characters’ opposing beliefs about what awaits them after death reinforce the importance of the afterlife as a motif and contribute to the author’s exploration of the clash between Nordic and Saxon cultures, complicating it with the implication that it is fueled by a deeper disconnect between their beliefs.


The destruction of Gizur’s village is one of the most important events in this section, and it has significant implications for the themes of survival and compassion. The berserker raid Jack witnesses is a brutal reminder that The Relentless Struggle for Survival can prove futile, especially given the dangers of this historical setting. Although Jack is not targeted in the attack, it endangers his personal survival because witnessing the massacre temporarily takes away his will to live: “Nobody told me life would be harder than death” (161). The rune of protection saves Jack’s life, linking the Bard’s selfless gift to the theme of survival as well as the theme of compassion. Jack’s harrowing experiences give him a more mature and complex understanding of the internal and external struggle of staying alive. Events like the raid on Gizur’s village also help to explain why Jack is resistant to his growing compassion for the Northmen: “It was infuriating! How could he sympathize with such murderous scum? He was supposed to hate them. But he couldn’t” (149). Jack’s ability to feel sympathy, even for his enemies, solidifies why he is the main character of a novel that posits Compassion as the True Measure of Heroism.

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