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The Kane Chronicles trilogy combines ancient Egyptian mythology and a modern-day setting to bring young readers a sweeping tale of magic and gods against a familiar backdrop. Punctuated by Riordan’s signature humor, the series explores such themes as the balance of power, coming-of-age under enormous responsibility, and navigating complex relationships, both familial and romantic.
The series begins with The Red Pyramid. Estranged since the death of their mother years before, Carter and Sadie begin the book nearly strangers to one another. They are thrust together when their father’s archeological work brings him to London. In truth, Carter and Sadie’s father is a magician descended from the pharaohs of Egypt. When he casts a spell to free the god Osiris, he also frees Set, god of chaos, who imprisons Carter and Sadie’s father.
On their own with new magician powers, Carter and Sadie ally with the gods Horus and Isis to stop Set from destroying the world and to save their father. However, by allying with the gods, Carter and Sadie break magician law—a conflict which follows them throughout the series and becomes the backbone for the rebel magician movement in The Serpent’s Shadow. The Red Pyramid introduces side characters Bast and Zia, who also become critical to the rest of the series. At the end of the book, Set is defeated, but Apophis is freed, which sets up the conflicts in the following books.
The Throne of Fire picks up several months after The Red Pyramid and introduces Walt and Anubis, setting up for Sadie’s romantic arc. Carter and Sadie also take on leadership roles in this installment, as they continue to build a sibling relationship and prepare for Apophis’s eventual rise. The second installment focuses on the quest to find and awaken Ra (king of the gods), believing he is the key to defeating the serpent. In addition, it is revealed that the real Zia is in a magical sleep, and that the Zia of book 1 was a clay shabti replica. Having developed feelings for her, Carter rescues her, only to learn she is hosting Ra’s essence, which ties Carter’s romantic arc into the greater storyline.
The Throne of Fire introduces Bes and his relationship with Sadie. It also shows the magicians rallying around the Kanes despite their relationships with the gods, only for this temporary alliance to break in The Serpent’s Shadow. Where The Red Pyramid focused mainly on the developing relationship between Carter and Sadie, The Throne of Fire shows them growing closer as they also come into their own as magicians and people.
The Kane Chronicles series borrows heavily from Egyptian myth, and Riordan modernizes many of the gods and concepts to make the stories accessible to a young audience. Throughout the first two installments, Riordan explores the relationships between magicians and the gods (specifically Ra, Horus, Isis, and Set), and in The Serpent’s Shadow, all but Ra take a backseat as the series works toward the inevitable conflict between Ra and Apophis—order and chaos.
As in the myths, Ra and Apophis are pitted against one another while also mandated by creation to maintain balance between Ra as day and Apophis as night. The battle between Ra and Apophis during the climax of The Serpent’s Shadow exemplifies the ongoing battle between the gods, as well as Apophis’s draw toward unleashing chaos through the destruction of order. In myth, Ra received aid in defending against Apophis from such gods as Set and Horus, and his champion magician (or “eye”), which is seen through how Zia and Ra merge to battle Apophis.
The Serpent’s Shadow also heavily focuses on the balance of order and chaos, specifically through Apophis’s threat to existence and the gods. Riordan stays true to the myths of Apophis by presenting the being as an enormous snake who can appear anywhere on Earth. The journey across the Sea of Chaos in Chapter 16 also calls to the origin of existence in Egyptian stories. While Riordan’s image of the lone obelisk amid the churning sea is his creation, this concept sits at the center of the balance required of the Egyptian gods.
Riordan also digs into Apophis’s background by showing his shadow within the Sea of Chaos. Some tales have the sea as Apophis’s origin; others claim the serpent was made from Ra’s umbilical cord, hence the two being opposing forces. Another version claims Apophis was created from the spit of Neith, the huntress, which Riordan nods to by including Neith among the gods who battle Apophis at the end of the novel.



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