39 pages 1-hour read

The Stepford Wives

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1972

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapter 1Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1, Pages 1-17 Summary

Content Warning: This section contains descriptions of sexual activity and psychological horror.


Joanna and Walter Eberhart move to Stepford, Connecticut with their two children, Pete and Kim. When they arrive, Joanna notices that the women in the town all seem to be obsessed with housework and rarely leave their homes. She is visited a few days after her family’s arrival by a “Welcome Wagon lady” (1), who asks Joanna about her family’s ages, history, and hobbies for a piece in the local paper. Joanna reluctantly answers, knowing that her reputation is important in such a small town. She tells the woman that she supports the Women’s Liberation Movement, as does Walter, and the woman is surprised to hear of a man supporting a feminist movement. Before she leaves, the woman assures Joanna she will love living here. Inside, Pete and Kim argue with one another, eventually resulting in Kim’s tears. Frustrated, Joanna tries to convince them to go play outside.


Joanna finds Walter doing the dishes and the children playing quietly. She asks Walter to join her outside, and he tells her that he plans to join the Men’s Association, a local organization that is involved in politics, charity, and other town affairs. Joanna disagrees with Walter’s choice, citing the organization as archaic and sexist, but Walter insists he can change it from the inside. Joanna, however, continues to doubt his choice. After Walter goes inside, Joanna looks up at the stars and wishes for her family to be happy in Stepford.


She attempts to have a conversation with her neighbor, Carol Van Sant. Joanna comments on how well their daughters get along and invites Carol over, but Carol insists she has to wax the floor tonight. Joanna finds it strange and is shocked to hear that Carol’s husband, Ted, goes out to the Men’s Association almost nightly, leaving Carol alone to clean. Carol seems fine with her situation and leaves Joanna alone.


The family goes for a drive around town to see the schools and other local buildings. They pass by the Men’s Association, and Pete marvels at the size of the house and the fence around it. Joanna comments that the fence is there to prevent women from joining. Afterward, they spot a neighbor named Gary Claybrook driving a truck full of cartons up to the Men’s Association house; Joanna wonders what they are. That night, Walter leaves for his first meeting, and Joanna resolves not to do any housework at all, determined not to be like Carol and the other women. She decides to foster her photography hobby instead, looking at photos that she might develop and planning out her next shoot, including one of a Black man being ignored by a cab driver. She starts to feel like her old self when she was young, but then begins to worry about Walter.


While sleeping that night, Joanna awakens to Walter masturbating. Confused, she insists he should have woken her up. After they make love, she asks if he was watching pornography at the meeting. Walter tells her he was playing poker and discussing a zoning issue. When asked if he plans to go again, Walter casually says maybe next week, with no plans to make it a habit. Joanna is happy to hear it.

Chapter 1, Pages 18-35 Summary

Joanna’s newspaper article seems to work, and a woman named Bobbie Markowe calls her, interested to meet. Bobbie is impressed by Joanna’s photos and, like Joanna, is skeptical of the culture that exists in Stepford. Bobbie is relieved to see that Joanna’s house is a mess; Bobbie finds it equally unsettling that the town’s women seem to do nothing but clean. She and Joanna decide that they should form a women’s group to try and shake up the status quo. They ask all the women in town, and all but one elderly widow decline the invitation, saying they have no time nor need to relax. By the time their search is over, Bobbie comments that they must be “in the Town That Time Forgot” (23).


One day after Walter finishes work, Joanna goes into the city to meet Walter and their friends for dinner and a play. There, Joanna’s friend reminds Joanna that she is meant to be a photographer, not a canvasser, and Joanna resolves to forget about the other Stepford women to focus on her art and her new friend, Bobbie.


After the third meeting with the Men’s Association, Walter invites the New Projects Committee to his home in the evening. He asks Joanna to hang around and prove her intelligence to the men, but she sees through Walter’s request and knows he wants her to be a waitress for the gathering. She agrees regardless, hoping she can still convince the men of something. The men present include Ike Mazzard, a famous magazine illustrator, Dale Coba, president of the Men’s Association, and a few others. Ike draws several sketches of Joanna, flattering her and making her feel awkward in front of everyone. She graciously accepts one of the sketches as a gift. Throughout the evening, the conversation remains on projects old and new, and Joanna tries to suggest a lecture series to get the townspeople out and talking to one another. When she goes into the kitchen to make some coffee, Dale follows her in and watches her. He tells Joanna he enjoys watching women do chores and stares at her with a disparaging look. When Dale tells Joanna he used to work at Disneyland, she doesn’t believe him, noting he doesn’t seem like the type to want to bring joy to others. Dale suspiciously replies: “How little you know” (31).


Bobbie finds another woman, Charmaine Wimperis, who is interested in socializing. The wealthy Charmaine has her own tennis court and invites Bobbie and Joanna over to play. During their visit, they find that Charmaine has no interest in feminism or politics though she is glad that her husband is out of the house most nights.

Chapter 1, Pages 36-51 Summary

While Joanna is sorting through some old things left behind by the house’s previous owner, she finds a newspaper that details an event held by a Stepford Women’s Club. Confused, Joanna wonders what could have happened since no Women’s Club currently exists. The group had over 50 members, including Dale’s wife and Kit Sundersen, a woman whom Joanna previously asked about forming a new group. Walter suggests the club must have just fallen apart, but Joanna knows there is something more going on. She decides to visit Kit and ask about the old Women’s Club. Kit invites her in and takes Joanna into the kitchen while she does laundry. Joanna watches as Kit smiles and perfectly folds clothes “like an actress in a commercial” (42); she is immaculately dressed and seemingly happy to be performing such menial tasks all day, every day. Joanna feels like most of the women in Stepford give her this impression and that their complacent nature seems too extreme to be real. She asks about the Women’s Club, and Kit replies that it became boring, was never useful, and just disbanded.


Joanna decides to go out and try to take some photographs of the town at night. She makes her way to the center square and sets up her tripod, taking photos of various buildings using a time exposure method. While she is shooting, a strange, medicinal smell wafts through the air. She sees the building that houses the Men’s Association on the hill, which to her looks “surprisingly comical” (45). Joanna notices the windows are lit and people are inside. Soon, a policeman arrives and begins asking Joanna questions about her camera. Eventually he leaves, and when Joanna looks back at the Men’s Association windows, the curtains are drawn, and the lights are off. She starts to wonder if they were tipped off by the policeman, though she has no clue about what.


Several uneventful months pass, and, in November, the Eberharts host a dinner party and invite their friends. Joanna hires a woman to help her cater, and the woman remarks on how the Men’s Association ruined home entertainment in Stepford. She says the club is only a few years old, and Joanna is surprised to hear this. The entire party is a flop, and at the end of the night, Joanna criticizes Walter for ignoring the women all evening.

Chapter 1, Pages 52-65 Summary

Joanna calls Charmaine to arrange a tennis match and listens to Charmaine complain about how much she dislikes her husband’s company and does not want to have sex with him. Charmaine says that she and her husband are going to have a weekend away together, and she is dreading it. When the day of the match comes, Joanna arrives at Charmaine’s house, but Charmaine has completely forgotten their date. On top of that, Charmaine suddenly says she is too busy to play because she has to clean, and that her husband Ed deserves better than what she has been giving him. She also plans to quit tennis and focus entirely on Ed and the house. In disbelief, Joanna says she cannot believe Charmaine’s plans to quit tennis but soon sees that Charmaine has already hired a company to demolish her court. Joanna leaves, confused and disturbed, and when she tells Bobbie, Bobbie hints that it happens to women in Stepford all the time. When Joanna tells Walter about Charmaine, he seems uninterested and unsurprised.


When Joanna meets up with Bobbie, Bobbie tells her about a place in Texas with a low crime rate due to a chemical in the area that makes the people docile. Bobbie believes something similar is happening in Stepford due to the many factories that exist in the town. She notes how many women have changed, including Charmaine and Kit. Bobbie theorizes that a hormone in the ground or air must be changing the women into stereotypical, obedient housewives, pointing out how it even seems to affect their appearance. Bobbie suggests that they both take their families and move out of Stepford before they become like the other women, but Joanna feels conflicted, knowing that she finally has her house and family settled. When she talks to Walter later, he agrees to move next spring if she becomes too dissatisfied with life in Stepford, and Joanna feels relieved. Bobbie’s husband says the same, and the months leading up to Christmas pass by with little excitement, until a man named Claude Axhelm asks Joanna to participate in a project for him. Her task is to record lists of words that he claims he is using it to create a geographical data set for the police. Claude explains that the men do the same task at the Men’s Association house. Joanna is reluctant after hearing that Bobbie lost her voice, but agrees, with Walter’s encouragement. She sits down one night and begins recording herself saying words like, “Talcum. Talent. Talented. Talkative. Talked” (65).

Chapter 1 Analysis

The first chapter establishes Joanna’s character and her expectations for her family’s life in Stepford. Ironically, Joanna hopes to win friends based on her intelligence and culture, as well as her interest in Women’s Liberation, but is soon to find that most of the women in Stepford have no interest in those things at all. Levin indicates that Joanna’s feminist beliefs are largely inspired by Betty Friedan’s work. Though Joanna is energetic and talented, she still struggles to meet the demands of her role as a mother and wife while also forming her own identity and maintaining a sense of independence. Her inner conflict illustrates the theme of The Conflicting Expectations of Modern Women.


Despite her desire to be independent, Joanna is used to having Walter there for support. When he goes out to the Men’s Association for the first time, Joanna finds it strange to be alone. She is deeply self-aware and catches herself in this moment of dependency. She decides to use the opportunity to look at some of her photos and determine if any are worth publishing. While doing so, she reminds herself that she is her own person outside of her family: “By God, it made her feel like Joanna Ingalls again. Remember her?” (14). Joanna’s photography is a symbol of her independence and intelligence, and like Charmaine giving up tennis, it is something she eventually gives up for the sake of her selfish husband.


Contrasted with Joanna’s self-determination and forward-thinking views, the women of Stepford all seem to be stuck in the past, as Joanna’s friend Bobbie describes it. Bobbie is like Joanna in that she, too, is skeptical about Stepford and suspicious of the family dynamics there. Though Bobbie believes there is toxic chemical in the water or air, Joanna assumes the men are simply brainwashing each other at the Men’s Association to revert to sexist, patriarchal attitudes. Joanna’s realism is ironic here, given that there is a much more sinister scheme at play. Her attitude echoes the society about which Levin writes; the dystopian world of Stepford is a speculative scenario about what patriarchal men could do to control women if they had the means.


Because Joanna is a realist and not conspiracy-minded, she finds it difficult to understand the behavior of the women she meets in Stepford: “That’s what they all were, all the Stepford wives: actresses in commercials […]. [P]laying suburban housewives unconvincingly, too nicey-nice to be real” (43). As the science-fiction plot has not yet been revealed, Joanna is still trying to understand the Stepford women through a realistic lens and finding it impossible. The feeling that the humanity and authenticity has been removed from the women around her is the novel’s first foreshadowing of the horror to come.


Joanna’s healthy attitude toward sex and sexuality is part of her feminist and liberal nature, but this, too, is taken from her in time. The scene in which she wakes to find her husband masturbating foreshadows the way the men in the novel use power over sex to control their wives. Where Joanna’s relationship with Walter was once healthy, open, and equal, it is quickly devolving into an imbalanced one, as Walter falls under the influence of the Men’s Association. This aspect of the relationship reflects the theme of The Patriarchal Refusal to Share Societal Power. Walter’s character trajectory emphasizes that men are not born with patriarchal views; those views are taught to them by society. Though Walter has maintained an equal relationship with his wife and has not fallen prey to society’s messages about men’s right to dominate women, the Men’s Association works to brainwash him, accomplishing what the heavily patriarchal mainstream American society of that time could not. The bulk of the story’s horror is focused on the destruction of the women of Stepford’s personhood, but the power the Men’s Association has over the minds of its members is just as disturbing.


Chapter 1 contains a series of minor events that foreshadow Joanna’s future demise. One example is when Dale stares at Joanna as she works in the kitchen. It is clear with hindsight that Dale is sizing Joanna up to create an animatronic clone of her. Another example is the voice recording that Claude Axhelm asks Joanna to perform, which he intends to use as the animatron’s voice. Levin never explicitly states the goals of these actions, nor does he confirm at this point in the novel that the women of Stepford are robots. Instead, readers are left to piece together clues and form their own conclusion.


Charmaine’s transformation and Joanna’s discovery of the defunct Stepford Women’s Club are the clues that something is wrong with Stepford’s women. The victimization the women of Stepford suffer represents The Dangers of a Cult-Like Mentality and the way that powerful people often take advantage of the vulnerable or oppressed.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text

Unlock all 39 pages of this Study Guide

Get in-depth, chapter-by-chapter summaries and analysis from our literary experts.

  • Grasp challenging concepts with clear, comprehensive explanations
  • Revisit key plot points and ideas without rereading the book
  • Share impressive insights in classes and book clubs