29 pages 58-minute read

The Treasure of Lemon Brown

Fiction | Short Story | Middle Grade | Published in 1969

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Background

Authorial Context: Walter Dean Myers

Walter Dean Myers was a prolific African American author who published over 100 stories during his 45-year career. Like Greg Ridley, the protagonist of “The Treasure of Lemon Brown,” Myers grew up in Harlem, New York. The author notes that his upbringing deeply influenced his storytelling: “Somehow I always go back to the most turbulent periods of my own life. I write books for the troubled boy I once was, and for the boy who lives within me still. It’s what I do” (“About Walter Dean Myers.” Walter Dean Myers). Myers is known for works that focus on the lives of young Black men navigating challenges. For example, his 1988 novel Fallen Angels tells the story of Richie Perry, a 17-year-old from Harlem who experiences trauma and disillusionment as he fights in the Vietnam War. 


Another of his most acclaimed novels, Monster (1999), follows Steve Harmon, a 16-year-old from Harlem who is on trial for murder. With Monster, Myers became the first recipient of the Michael L. Printz Award for excellence in young adult literature. He earned many other honors for his writing, including Newbery Honor Awards for Somewhere in the Darkness (1992) and Scorpions (1988). He also received Coretta Scott King Awards for The Young Landlords (1980), Motown and Didi (1985), Fallen Angels (1989), Now is Your Time!: The African American Struggle for Freedom (1992), and Slam! (1997). Kent State University’s Virginia Hamilton Literary Award and the Margaret A. Edwards Award both honored his lifetime achievements in the realm of young adult fiction. Myers served as the Library of Congress’s National Ambassador for Young People’s Literature from 2012 to 2013.

Cultural Context: The Delta Blues

The Delta Blues is a highly influential style of folk music that originated in Mississippi during the early 20th century. Like many musical genres, the blues was created by African American artists. The blues grew out of Black Americans’ rich folk music traditions, such as spirituals and work chants. When this “uniquely American music” emerged in the early 1900s, the Delta Blues was described as “black music played by black people for black people” (Cramer, Mai, and David Evans. “Delta Blues Music.” American Experience, 2025). Delta Blues music embraces a minimalist ethos with many songs featuring only a single performer singing and playing an acoustic instrument. The harmonica, which Lemon Brown plays, and the slide guitar are particularly important instruments within this style.


Blues performances are charged with powerful emotions, and the lyrics often examine the struggles of daily life, such as relationship problems. Lemon Brown’s lyrical dialogue about the relentless “Mr. Pain” and “hard times” reflects this kind of universal human struggle. Myers styles the fictional Lemon Brown after historical Delta Blues musicians, many of whom faced great hardship in their personal and professional lives. For example, Robert Johnson, who is known as the King of the Delta Blues, lost his first wife and son in childbirth. In Myers’s story, Lemon Brown also grieves the death of his wife and the loss of his son during the war. 


The Delta Blues eventually spread north from its origins in Mississippi as musicians like Howlin’ Wolf and Muddy Waters relocated to cities like Chicago and Detroit. The influence of the Delta Blues can be felt across many musical genres that came after it. Journalist Caleb Catlin notes that “As it spread across the nation and new genres emerged from blues, its fingerprints are all over much of the music we adore today like R&B and rock [and] the biggest genre in all of music, hip-hop” (Catlin, Caleb. "How The Blues Transformed Into Hip-Hop." Medium, 11 Sept. 2020). Throughout his short story, Myers emphasizes the legacy of the Delta Blues as a treasure that shapes Lemon Brown’s personal history and worldview. Sharing this legacy with Greg mirrors the symbolic, intergenerational influence of the Delta Blues on later generations of musicians.

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