55 pages 1-hour read

The Unsung Hero of Birdsong, USA

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2019

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Chapters 17-24Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death, graphic violence, and racism.

Chapter 17 Summary

Of the two gas stations in Birdsong, Jake’s is the only one that welcomes Black customers, although the bathrooms and water fountains are still required to be segregated in accordance with state law. As a result, the business is recommended by The Negro Motorist Green Book.


Gabriel confesses to Meriwether that he rode his bike without his parents’ permission. The boy blames his parents for his disobedience because they tempted him by making him keep the bike in his room. However, Meriwether tells him, “Resistin’ temptation builds strength” (98). When Gabriel returns home that evening, he resolves to wait out the nine remaining days of his punishment before riding his bike again.

Chapter 18 Summary

On Saturday, the Haberlins drive to Charleston for a parade honoring World War II veterans, one of whom is Jake’s brother, Earl. Patrick planned to go with them, but he remains in Birdsong because his mother will give birth soon. When the family arrives at Cousin Polly’s house, Gabriel is struck by the beauty of Helene, their neighbor and Tink’s close friend. Tink teases Gabriel about his interest in Helene and tells him that Helene will be attending the party for Earl after the parade. Polly is irritated because the Haberlins have arrived late, and she snaps at her Black employees, saying, “Don’t y’all gals eat none of that food, you hear?” (104).


At the parade, Gabriel sees a group of circus performers, and crowds of people are waving flags. An orange butterfly lands on Auntie Rita, who declares this to be a good omen because butterflies carry people’s prayers to heaven. Gabriel is filled with pride when he sees his uncle, “a true-blue American war hero” (107), in the first car of the parade. Tink takes a photograph of Lieutenant Haberlin saluting and promises to give Gabriel a copy.

Chapter 19 Summary

After the parade, the Haberlins return to Cousin Polly’s house. Tink shows Gabriel her photography portfolio, and he sneaks a picture of Helene into his pocket. The week before, Helene drank from a water fountain for Black people as an act of protest. An elderly white woman swore at her and told her to go back to New York City “if she didn’t like the ways of South Carolina” (112), but Helene just laughed at her. Gabriel marvels at the story and admires Helene’s courage.

Chapter 20 Summary

A photographer from the Charleston Evening Post comes to the Waldrops’ home and takes pictures of the partygoers. Cousin Polly is thrilled at this unexpected development, and Tink is curious about the photographer’s equipment. Gabriel becomes hungry and goes into the kitchen, where one of the Waldrops’ Black employees offers to make him a sandwich. He asks the woman her name. At first, she tells him to call her “auntie,” but when he explains that he genuinely wants to know, she introduces herself as Johnnie Dove Victory. She tells Gabriel about her only child, Homer Lee Bartholomew Victory, explaining that Homer was offered a scholarship to Claflin but chose to enlist instead. He earned a Good Conduct Medal for his service in the Navy during World War II and planned to relocate his family to San Francisco, California, but he was killed in action in New Guinea while he was “helpin’ carry wounded American soldiers to safety” (117). Mrs. Victory grieves the fact that Homer’s body was never recovered, and she thanks Gabriel for “list’nin to an old woman go on and on” (118).

Chapter 21 Summary

When Uncle Earl arrives, his uniform jacket is adorned with several medals, “some silver and others gold” (121). He scoops Gabriel up in a hug and tells the rapt partygoers about the Nazi fighter planes he shot down, the Battle of the Bulge, and the time when he nearly crashed after his plane was shot. He admits that he was scared during one particularly close brush with death but explains that he took strength from the knowledge that he “woulda died doin’ what [he] could to make this world better instead of worse” (122). Helene arrives at the party, poses for some photographs with Earl, and leaves after Tink introduces her to Gabriel. The boy wishes in vain that she would return or at least look in his direction.

Chapter 22 Summary

The narrative moves forward to the Monday after the parade. Meriwether arrives for his shift on foot because someone stole his bicycle on Saturday. He and Gabriel suspect that the culprit is Lucas, but Jake urges them not to voice their suspicions to anyone. Phoebe is out of town, and Jake gives Abigail permission to be at the garage with her father.


Meriwether asks to buy a black 1936 Chevy that has been sitting in the garage’s lot because no one can get it to start. Jake is taken aback because he doesn’t think the vehicle is good for anything but scrap metal, and he promises to give Meriwether the car for free if Meriwether can fix it. When Gabriel questions if the repairs are possible, Meriwether reminds the boy that he’s “mighty good at fixin’ things” (127).


Abigail loves books and is currently reading Johnny Gruelle’s The Magical Land of Noom. The Birdsong library, which is segregated, has very few books for Black children, so Phoebe and the pastor started a library at their church. Abigail and Gabriel have both read Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings’s novel The Yearling, but the boy is too embarrassed to admit that the book moved him to tears. Abigail tells Gabriel that she is going to be a writer when she grows up. Gabriel reflects on the career aspirations of his friends and peers, wondering how they can be so certain of their plans for the future when his ideas of becoming a pilot or a detective seem “like questions instead of answers” (130). He remembers Auntie Rita’s certainty that he has a special destiny and wonders if she is right.

Chapter 23 Summary

When Meriwether takes his lunch break, Gabriel tells him about the parade and Uncle Earl’s war stories about the Battle of the Bulge. Meriwether comments on the snow on the battlefield in a way that accidentally indicates that he was there as well. Abigail reminds her father that he “promised Mama not to talk about it ’round white folks…ever” (134).


Meriwether swears Gabriel to secrecy and then admits that he fought in the Battle of the Bulge as a member of the United States Army’s all-Black 761st Tank Battalion. The members of the battalion called themselves “the Black Panthers,” and their motto was “Come Out Fighting” (135). Meriwether is tired of seeing the service of Black people ignored entirely while white veterans are honored in parades. Gabriel tells Meriwether that he is a hero. The man begins to tell Gabriel about what life has been like for him since he received his honorable discharge, but their conversation is interrupted by Matthew, who needs help with customers. Before Gabriel leaves, Meriwether makes him repeat the promise not to tell anyone that he fought in World War II. Gabriel wonders why Meriwether doesn’t want white people to know about his service and about what happened to him after he returned home from the war.

Chapter 24 Summary

The next day, Gabriel sees Lucas talking to Abigail. She tells him that her name means “a father’s delight.” After Lucas leaves, Gabriel warns Abigail not to talk to the mechanic again because he is racist. He asks her why Meriwether doesn’t tell white people about his service, and she explains that Black men have been lynched or maimed because “some white men don’t take to the idea of a colored man bein’ a war soldier equal to them” (139). She tells him about a man in Batesburg whose eyes were gouged out.


Later that afternoon, Gabriel hears Meriwether shouting and fears that Lucas has caused trouble. However, when the boy rushes to the garage, he sees that Meriwether has gotten the Chevy’s engine to start. The boy agrees with Abigail that her father is “truly amazin’” (140).

Chapters 17-24 Analysis

In the novel’s third section, Gabriel and Meriwether’s growing bond speaks to The Power of Mentorship and Intergenerational Friendship. The fact that Meriwether tells Gabriel about his military service, which he promised his wife he would never discuss with any white person, testifies to the trust and closeness between the two characters. In addition, Meriwether’s mentorship makes Gabriel want to grow as a person, and this dynamic becomes clear when the man uses the Gabriel’s frustration over the matter of the bicycle as an opportunity to teach the boy about strength and temptation. Upon hearing his friend’s words, Gabriel resolves that resisting the temptation to ride the bicycle “[i]s going to be hard, but [he] [i]s determined not to fail again” (100). This exchange also mirrors a common trope in which a Black supporting character is portrayed as somehow “magical” and becomes a source of “moral enlightenment” for the white protagonist; Meriwether’s lessons about the importance of resisting temptation and considering the world from others’ perspectives can be considered in this light. However, Woods’s characters also subvert the trope in some key ways. For example, one reason why Gabriel and Meriwether bond so quickly is because the boy already has a strong conscience since his parents have raised him with anti-racist values. As a result, he is less reliant on the Black deuteragonist for “moral enlightenment.” Often, characters who fit the problematic trope of being inexplicably “magical” have little to no backstory or goals independent of the protagonist, but in this novel, the author makes certain that Meriwether is a more rounded and less conventional character. Woods’s subversion of this trope is demonstrated by Meriwether’s backstory as an Army veteran, as well as his ongoing search for a place where his family can find safety and acceptance.


Both Meriwether’s and Homer’s stories illustrate the fight to gain recognition for Black contributions to society, and as the protagonist learns more about the ugly realities of Birdsong and the United States, he grows ever more disillusioned by his racist society. In Chapter 20, the parade and Earl’s party provide a bitterly ironic backdrop for Gabriel’s conversation with Mrs. Victory, as the grieving mother, whose son was killed in action, is largely ignored on a day that purports to celebrate veterans. This lapse reflects the fact that society devalues her entirely and does not honor her son because the family is Black. By contrast, the respect that the young white protagonist shows her illustrates the importance of Exercising Privilege Responsibly, and the scene illustrates how Gabrial becomes more compassionate and perceptive by learning others’ stories. As the boy muses, “I […] thought about Mrs. Victory, and imagined that all of us being here to celebrate a soldier’s safe homecoming was likely doubling her sadness” (121). It is clear that the celebration in Charleston contributes to Meriwether’s decision to tell Gabriel that he is a veteran, and the scene marks a turning point for their relationship. As the man frustratedly admits, “I’m tired of keepin’ it bottled up inside me when y’all’s soldiers get to brag and have fancy parades” (135). With these strategic contrasts, Woods educates her readers about white society’s attempts to erase Black contributions. Similarly, Abigail’s comments to Gabriel about the abuses perpetrated against Black people contain an allusion to the true story of Sergeant Isaac Woodard, a Black World War II veteran who was left permanently blind by a racist attack in South Carolina in 1946. The revelation of Meriwether’s service and white supremacists’ targeted hatred against Black veterans raises the novel’s stakes and sheds light on a particular facet of the historical and ongoing struggle for equality.


The black 1936 Chevy that is introduced in these chapters serves as a motif of exercising privilege responsibly, as Jake recognizes the opportunity to put his privilege to good use and does so. When Jake says that Meriwether must be “some kinda magician” to have repaired the Chevy (142), his words reinforce the deuteragonist’s mechanical skills as his “magical” ability, aligning the story elements with certain aspects of the problematic trope in which Black supporting characters use their seemingly supernatural abilities in service of white characters rather than themselves. Throughout the novel, Meriwether largely uses his skill set to help white characters, as when he repairs Gabriel’s bicycle for free and works on the vehicles of Jake’s predominantly white customer base. However, the presence of the car in the narrative helps to steer the novel away from this trope, as Meriwether’s most mysterious achievement—the repair of a vehicle that no one can start even though “some of the best have tried” (128)—is directly and expressly for the benefit of himself and his family, not his white employers. Before Meriwether begins the repairs, Jake promises him the vehicle free of charge if he can make it operational, and the Chevy proves crucial for the Hunter family at the end of the novel.


These chapters also offer clues about the novel’s antagonist and climax, such as when Lucas steals Meriwether’s bike in Chapter 22. His theft signals Lucas’s confidence that Meriwether will be unable to confront him or seek justice, and the incident foreshadows further escalations in Lucas’s hostilities. Likewise, Lucas’s conversation with Abigail and Gabriel’s subsequent fear establish the racist mechanic as an imminent threat to Meriwether and his family, and when Abigail says that her name means “a father’s delight,” it is clear that the antagonist will target Meriwether’s daughter.

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