55 pages 1-hour read

The Unsung Hero of Birdsong, USA

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2019

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Chapters 9-16Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of racism and religious discrimination.

Chapter 9 Summary

Early the next morning, Patrick comes to the Haberlins’ home to see Gabriel’s new bicycle. Patrick dreams of joining the Navy when he grows up, so he goes swimming almost every day to improve his skills. Gabriel wants to find Meriwether and tell him about the job opening at his father’s garage, and he enlists his friend’s help in the search. The boys can’t find Meriwether anywhere in town, so they visit Mr. Summerlin. The pharmacist has the man’s address because Meriwether does repair work for him sometimes. He gives the information to the boys, noting that the house is on “The Other Side” of town (47).


Gabriel visited the majority-Black neighborhood in the past, and he was troubled to realize how small and under-resourced the school for Black students is compared to the one he attends. After this previous visit, he talked to his parents about segregation. His father told him to treat everyone with respect, echoed the boy’s hopes that segregation will end soon, and reluctantly explained that Black people are often still “treated in a distasteful manner” in the North even though segregation isn’t legally mandated there (51).

Chapter 10 Summary

Now, Patrick asks Gabriel not to tell his parents that he went to “The Other Side” because he knows that they wouldn’t approve. The boys locate Meriwether’s home. Patrick is hesitant to shake the man’s hand and calls him “uncle,” which is how many white people in Birdsong address Black men. Gabriel’s parents taught him to use people’s names regardless of their race, and the other townspeople act as if this show of respect and other “northern ways were a contagious disease” that Jake and Agatha caught during their studies at Oberlin College in Ohio (54).


Meriwether introduces the boys to his wife, Phoebe, and his 10-year-old daughter, Abigail. When Gabriel asks him if he is interested in working at Jake’s garage, Meriwether says, “Been lookin’ for a real job ever since I got back—” (58), but Phoebe stops him from finishing that sentence. Meriwether is somewhat skeptical of the idea that Jake will hire him, but he agrees to come to the garage with Gabriel.

Chapter 11 Summary

On the way to the garage, Gabriel asks Meriwether how he learned to fix engines, and the man evades the question. Meriwether does share that he was named after his father, who was a sharecropper, and his grandfather, who was enslaved. His family moved from Charleston to Birdsong that winter so that Phoebe could pursue her “callin’ in life” and become the Baptist church’s choir director (63).


At the garage, Gabriel introduces Meriwether to his parents. Agatha hugs Meriwether tightly and bursts into tears, declaring that he is an angel because he saved her son’s life. Jake shakes his hand and thanks him for risking his life to protect Gabriel. Meanwhile, Lucas Shaw, a mechanic who works for Jake, spits on Meriwether’s shoes when he hears that Gabriel’s rescuer is looking for a job at the garage. The Haberlins rebuke Lucas and tell him to get back to work. The incident makes Jake worry that hiring Meriwether would be a mistake, but Gabriel appeals to his father’s conscience. Meriwether offers to begin his shift after Lucas’s shift ends, and Jake accepts this plan. He also makes Meriwether promise to simply walk away from Lucas if the surly mechanic shows him hostility again; Jake warns Meriwether about the rumor that Lucas has “friends in a certain organization” (69). Meriwether correctly infers that Jake is referring to the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Patrick says that the KKK hates Catholics, and he smiles when Meriwether says that the two of them have something in common.

Chapter 12 Summary

Gabriel loves detective stories, and Agatha takes him and Patrick to a matinee of Terror by Night, starring Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes. Gabriel feels embarrassed when he sees his classmate Rosie and her best friend, Emma Kane, at the theater without adult accompaniment. He blushes when Rosie says that she is glad he’s “all better from yesterday” (74).

Chapter 13 Summary

At dinner that evening, Jake and Agatha voice their concerns over whether hiring Meriwether was the right course of action in light of Lucas’s hostility. Gabriel suggests that his father fire Lucas because Jake has already expressed his desire to do so in the past, but Jake says that this isn’t an option because his other employee quit recently. Gabriel asks why all the members of the KKK aren’t in jail, but Agatha just says that “the South has its ways” (77). She’s concerned that thinking about these issues will make her son anxious, but the boy remains hopeful that people can work together to find answers and make positive changes.

Chapter 14 Summary

A few days later, Gabriel has a feeling of foreboding and goes to his father’s garage. Lucas is still there when Meriwether arrives, even though his shift ended 20 minutes ago. The mechanic ignores Meriwether’s greeting and leaves the garage without incident. Meriwether tells Gabriel that he likes working there “just fine” (80). The boy wants to talk with him further, but he has already promised to meet up with Patrick and doesn’t want to be late.


That night, Gabriel decides to start helping around the shop so that he can spend more time with Meriwether, who has “already started to feel like [his] friend” (81). Gabriel also wants to reduce the odds of Lucas causing problems for Meriwether.

Chapter 15 Summary

Gabriel gets up early the next morning and offers to work at the garage. Jake knows that his son is concerned about Meriwether and agrees to the plan, but Agatha dislikes the idea of the boy being around Lucas and echoes Gabriel’s wish that Jake would fire the mechanic.


Patrick stops by the Haberlins’ house later that day, and when he calls Meriwether “the uncle,” Gabrial grows angry and retorts, “He’s got a name. […] [P]lus, he’s not your uncle” (86). Patrick is taken aback by his friend’s anger and protests that many white townspeople refer to Black people in this way, but Gabriel stoutly maintains that he and his parents don’t.


Gabriel later breaks his promise to his parents and rides his bike around the block because having it in his room and not being able to ride it feels like “puttin’ food in front of a hungry man and tellin’ him not to eat” (87). He lets Patrick ride his bike, too, but makes him promise not to tell anyone.

Chapter 16 Summary

Lucas’s shift ends at three o’clock, and Gabriel’s starts at 3:30. The boy’s first customer is Betty, who complains about the price of gas. Jake teaches his son how to check a car’s oil but advises him to stick to washing windows and pumping gas for the time being. When Gabriel sees that Meriwether rode to work on a bicycle, he expresses his hope that Meriwether will have a car soon. Meriwether says that he’s content with his current mode of transportation because he knows that many people don’t have cars. He likes looking at things from other people’s perspectives and compares this practice to having multiple sets of eyes. He teaches Gabriel that “the more eyes you look through, the better you see things” (95). The boy quickly grasps this analogy, and Meriwether compliments his intelligence. Some customers honk their horns, and Gabriel hurries outside to help Matthew, the high school student who pumps gas at the garage in the afternoons.

Chapters 9-16 Analysis

In this section of the novel, the Haberlins’ decision to hire Meriwether marks a major development for the plot and illustrates the theme of Exercising Privilege Responsibly. In a key moment, Gabriel calls on his parents to practice the anti-racist values that they taught him when he pleads on Meriwether’s behalf, saying, “You’re always claimin’ it isn’t fair the way the colored people get treated. Besides, he saved my life. That’s worth somethin’, isn’t it?” (69). Likewise, Gabriel’s decision to start helping at the garage so that he can shield his new friend from Lucas represents another attempt to exercise his white privilege responsibly. Yet although Gabriel makes a concerted effort to use his privileged status for good, he is still a child, and his parents’ actions offer some of the theme’s most important examples. The Haberlins’ racial and socioeconomic privilege puts them in a position to offer Meriwether employment and financial stability, but they are also keenly aware that hiring Meriwether puts him at risk of harassment and violence from Lucas and other white supremacists, who serve as the novel’s antagonists. Jake’s comment that there “[s]hould be some law that keeps you from doin’ harm when all you were aimin’ to do is good” adds nuance to the theme by showing that doing the right thing can be complicated (77).


Woods’s exploration of empathy in these chapters illuminates some of her authorial decisions regarding the novel’s treatment of race, suggesting that she uses a young white protagonist to cultivate compassion in young white readers of this novel. In Chapter 9, for example, Jake tells Gabriel, “Just imagine if those signs, instead of saying No Colored Allowed, said No Whites Allowed. How’d that make you feel?” (51). Jake is trying to foster empathy in his son, but the framing of the question is actually directly aimed at white readers. Even as Gabriel’s perspective is designed to provide guidance for a young white readership, his confrontation with Patrick exhibits his attempts to help his best friend gain a deeper sense of empathy. At first, Patrick needs help recognizing his common humanity with Black people, and he benefits from the modeling of a white peer to whom he readily relates. By contrast, Meriwether declares that Lucas is hostile to Black people out of “[b]lindness” (71). Although this phrasing uses ableist language, it connects to the significance of eyes as symbols of empathy and establishes the idea that prejudice and injustice are the results of a fundamental lack of compassion.


The foreshadowing in this section highlights the novel’s ongoing focus on The Erasure of Black Contributions Versus the Fight for Recognition. In Chapter 10, Meriwether begins to say that he has been looking for “a real job ever since [he] got back” from the war (58), and Phoebe’s quick move to silence him foreshadows the later revelation that he is a veteran and that he would be at increased risk of racist violence if word of his service were to spread in Birdsong. His evasiveness about where he gained his “mechanical aptitude” offers another clue about his past in the military. Finally, these chapters establish Lucas’s ties to the KKK and the Haberlins’ fear that the prejudiced mechanic will persecute Meriwether, and all these disparate moments collectively foreshadow the antagonist’s later attacks against the Hunter family.

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