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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussions of gender discrimination, transgender discrimination, antigay bias, and racism.
Hegseth examines the ideological divide between traditional military values and the progressive influence of elite academic institutions, particularly Harvard. He argues that modern military leadership has become entangled with the ideological priorities of universities, leading to a shift away from the warrior ethos toward careerism and compliance with social justice ideologies. This shift, he claims, is evident in the military’s acceptance of progressive reforms, such as the repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”—a policy that allowed gay and lesbian people to serve in the armed forced as long as they kept their sexual orientation secret—and gender integration in combat roles, which he believes has led to a decline in military readiness.
A key episode in the chapter centers on Hegseth’s testimony during the 2010 Supreme Court confirmation hearing for Elena Kagan. He critiqued Kagan’s tenure as dean of Harvard Law School, where she restricted military recruiters on campus due to the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy. Hegseth argues that Kagan’s decision was driven by ideological opposition to the military, not just the policy itself, especially since Harvard maintained financial ties to nations like Saudi Arabia, which oppress LGBTQ individuals. He sees Kagan’s actions as emblematic of the double standards applied to military recruitment at elite universities—an example of top officials prioritizing ideological alignment with academic institutions over military readiness.
The chapter also considers the role of elite graduate schools, particularly Harvard, in shaping military officers. Hegseth contrasts the leadership of historical figures like Civil War officer Joshua Chamberlain—a professor-turned-soldier known for his courage and conviction—with modern generals, whom he criticizes for prioritizing career advancement over moral integrity. He suggests that officers trained in Ivy League institutions adopt leftist ideologies—though this presumably did not happen to the Princeton-and Harvard-trained Hegseth himself—and later implement these ideologies as generals, contributing to the military’s ideological drift. However, supporters of elite academic institutions argue that these schools foster intellectual rigor, critical thinking, and strategic leadership—qualities that are essential for addressing the complexities of modern warfare. By blending practical military training with advanced education, these institutions could enhance the military’s ability to navigate geopolitical challenges and innovate under pressure.
Hegseth frames this as a battle for the military’s cultural soul, claiming that elite intellectualism and academic conformity undermine the role of faith and honor in military duty, values he views as essential to effective soldiering and moral leadership, adding to The Role of Moral and Spiritual Foundations in Military Service. By incorporating such contrasting views, the discussion acknowledges the broader debate surrounding the influence of academia on military leadership.
The chapter concludes with a broader reflection on the “third front” in America’s cultural war—military leadership itself. Hegseth warns that by allowing ideological influences from academia to shape its leadership, the military risks becoming a tool of progressive politics rather than a defender of national security. He calls for a return to the warrior ethos and a renewed emphasis on honor, grit, and moral courage as guiding principles for military leaders.
Hegseth posits a “covenantal” relationship between the American people, the US Constitution, and the military, drawing a parallel between America’s founding principles and the Old Testament story of Gideon, a reluctant leader called by God to restore his people’s faith and confront internal and external threats. This biblical allusion serves as a metaphor for Hegseth’s central argument: The US is at risk of losing its moral clarity and national purpose due to ideological division and mission creep within the military.
Hegseth claims that, like Gideon’s Israel, modern America faces an internal crisis, with growing ideological divisions and the erosion of shared national values. He argues that the US Constitution was established as a “secular covenant” to unite Americans under a common moral and legal framework, using a religious term to emphasize what he sees as a binding and belief-based connection. However, he contends that progressive ideologies, particularly those tied to social justice, have fractured this covenant. He sees this as part of a broader cold civil war in which ideological movements push tribalism and moral relativism, eroding national unity and purpose. This critique aligns with The Role of Moral and Spiritual Foundations in Military Service, as Hegseth links America’s spiritual decline to the weakening of the warrior ethos.
A significant part of Hegseth’s argument focuses on what he calls the military’s ideological “mission creep.” Normally, mission creep is a term used to describe the expansion of wartime objectives; Hegseth uses it to highlight how ideological conformity is now prioritized over military readiness. He critiques military leadership for transforming soldiers from “warriors and servants of the Constitution” (220) into participants in bureaucratic social change. This shift, he claims, represents the decline of combat preparedness, as soldiers are distracted from their primary mission to fight and win wars.
Supporters of progressive military reforms might counter Hegseth’s claims by emphasizing the potential benefits of social change initiatives. For instance, programs aimed at fostering inclusivity and diversity can strengthen unit cohesion and operational effectiveness by ensuring all members feel valued and supported. Studies have suggested that diverse teams are often better at problem-solving and adapting to complex challenges—skills critical for modern military operations. By framing these efforts as a way to build a stronger and more adaptable fighting force, proponents argue that progressive reforms can align with, rather than detract from, military readiness.
The chapter concludes with a call to action, warning that just as Gideon faltered later in life, America risks a similar path of moral decay. Hegseth urges leaders and citizens to renew their commitment to constitutional principles, framing Donald Trump’s second presidential administration as pivotal in restoring the nation’s moral and military strength. This reflects the erosion of military leadership standards, as Hegseth highlights the need for principled leadership to counter ideological drift and reestablish military effectiveness.
Hegseth sees an ideological transformation in US military academies like West Point, Annapolis, and the Air Force Academy. He argues that these once-prestigious institutions, historically focused on military leadership and readiness, have become breeding grounds for progressive ideology. This shift, he claims, has been driven by the influx of civilian professors, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives, and curriculum changes that emphasize social justice over combat effectiveness.
Hegseth traces the ideological shift to the growing influence of civilian academics, who have brought left-leaning philosophies into the academies. This change, he argues, was accelerated under the Biden administration, which dismissed Trump-appointed Board of Visitors (BOV) members and installed officials aligned with progressive policies. He criticizes the establishment of DEI coursework and a Diversity & Inclusion Studies minor at West Point as evidence of ideological “mission creep” within military training.
General Charles Q. Brown, a former Air Force Chief of Staff and current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, becomes a focal point of Hegseth’s critique. He accuses Brown of promoting racial quotas for officer commissions and prioritizing “holistic readiness” over combat readiness, citing the low mission capability rates of aircraft like the F-35 and F-22 as evidence of leadership failure. Hegseth claims these policies prioritize symbolic diversity over operational success.
The experiences of “Evan Smith,” a pseudonymous Air Force cadet, provide anecdotal support for Hegseth’s claims. Smith describes DEI training as divisive and damaging to morale, alleging that the academy amplifies pro-DEI voices while silencing dissent. Hegseth argues that this is emblematic of the larger issue of military leadership failures, as cadets and officers who support ideological agendas are rewarded, while dissenters are marginalized.
Hegseth concludes by calling for a restoration of meritocratic principles within the academies. He argues that only a change in presidential leadership can reverse the damage and refocus military academies on their original mission: to prepare warriors who can defend the Constitution. This appeal aligns with the book’s theme of The Role of Moral and Spiritual Foundations in Military Service, as Hegseth positions this struggle as part of a larger moral battle for the soul of the US military.
The epilogue is framed as a heartfelt letter to Hegseth’s sons, in which he reflects on fatherhood, faith, patriotism, and the future of the US military. Hegseth emphasizes his role as a father and Christian mentor, urging his sons to understand their place in a broader historical and spiritual context. He highlights the United States as a unique nation, born of a “covenantal” relationship with God and grounded in the principles of liberty, sacrifice, and moral courage.
Hegseth outlines his concerns about the current state of the military, contrasting it with the military he joined in 2001. He argues that ideological capture by “leftist forces” has weakened the armed forces, and warns his sons that future service may require them to contend with these internal forces. However, he also positions military service as a noble pursuit and encourages his sons to join elite units like Navy SEALs, Green Berets, or Army Rangers—units he claims remain more insulated from ideological influence.
Central to his message is the notion of legacy. He asks his sons whether the US is still worth fighting and dying for, charging them to reflect on their role in preserving the nation’s future. If they choose not to join the military, he urges them to become warriors in other arenas of life, leading with courage and conviction. The letter’s tone aims to be both inspiring and cautionary, underscoring the weight of leadership, responsibility, and faith in a time of cultural and military upheaval. Hegseth’s final hope is that his sons will raise families who live in a free America that honors God, cherishes freedom, and maintains peace for future generations.



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