58 pages 1-hour read

Abdulrazak Gurnah

Theft

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2025

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Symbols & Motifs

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of racism, emotional abuse, and child abuse.

The Groceries

The groceries that Badar is falsely accused of stealing are a symbol of the weaponization of patronage and the fragility of trust in unequal relationships. For years, the items that Badar retrieves on credit from Fadhili’s shop—rice, sugar, tea—represent the functioning, albeit hierarchical, system of care and obligation that defines his place in Haji’s household. However, this system also exposes the vulnerability of Badar’s position when Uncle Othman, motivated by a long-held grudge against Badar’s father, uses the grocery account to attempt to expel him. Although the accusation of theft originates with the grocer, Othman’s quick to believe it stems from his lengthy animosity toward Badar; the charge is not truly about theft but about Othman reasserting his power and punishing Badar for his father’s past. The nature of the items in question is particularly significant, as food is both necessary for survival and associated with care and community. The symbol therefore exposes the inherent precariousness of depending on a patron’s goodwill, developing the theme of The Harmful Edge of Dependency.

Rooms

Recurring descriptions of houses and rooms function as a motif that maps the characters’ social positions, emotional states, and aspirations, particularly with respect to confinement and the potential for freedom. For Raya, her parents’ home represents the stifling weight of familial duty that she escapes through marriage, only to find herself trapped again. She tells Karim, “It is stifling in these rooms […] I’m suffocating, I can’t stay here. Everything smells stale and bad. It’s the dirt of years” (22), linking the physical space to her personal sense of entrapment and to the weight of her family’s past. Badar’s spartan room in a storeroom separate from the main house physically reinforces his subordinate status within Haji’s system of patronage. In contrast, Karim’s journey is marked by a progression of ever-improving rooms: from his grandparents’ house to the “scholar’s room” Ali provides, to the spacious home in Dar es Salaam, and finally to the small apartment that he shares with Fauzia. Each new space signifies a new stage of his social and personal development. Ultimately, the motif illustrates how the search for a stable identity is deeply entwined with the search for a physical place in the world, one that offers not just shelter but also autonomy.

Reading

Reading and storytelling emerge as a motif for exploring how characters construct their identities from partial, often biased narratives, thus engaging with the theme of The Burden of Fragmented History. The novel also highlights how personal stories can be weaponized. Badar’s adoptive mother repeatedly tells him a version of his origin story designed to enforce his sense of indebtedness and worthlessness, concluding, “Your people did not want you. What else could we do? We had no choice but to take you” (51). Her narrative is a tool of control. Similarly, Raya’s father’s gift for telling traditional tales dries up after the revolution, replaced by “a recitation of injustices and grievances” (10), showing how personal and political trauma can make the act of storytelling little more than a way of keeping trauma alive.


The novel also contrasts different forms of knowledge: Karim’s formal university education fuels his global aspirations and sense of superiority, while Badar’s self-education through newspapers and borrowed books represents a more grounded, independent path to understanding the world. Hawa’s magazines represent yet another kind of reading—one that is explicitly consumerist in orientation. The motif thus supports the novel’s exploration of Globalization as a Form of Neocolonialism, as choice of reading material shapes the characters’ aspirations and understanding of their place in the world.

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