51 pages 1-hour read

Tin Man

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2017

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Part 2, Chapter 1Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide contains depictions of illness, death, sexual content, and anti-gay bias.

Part 2: “Michael”

Part 2, Chapter 1 Summary: “November 1989”

As Ellis reads Michael’s journal, the narrative shifts to Michael’s voice and perspective


Michael begins writing in his journal after his doctor suggests that this habit will help him to cope with the decline of his lover, G, who has AIDS. Michael writes about how he is aging more quickly because of the stress. When the medication alarm sounds, Michael checks on G, who was once his boyfriend. G’s physical state is dire; he is wasting away and losing his mental stability. Despite these challenges, Michael does not want to bring G to the hospital, believing that if he does, G will never return. Although Michael used to write for a living, his creativity falters and he is unable to meet deadlines. Though he hopes to write for himself now, his time is spent looking after G.


Michael met G fives year ago, after Mabel’s death, when he ran into the National Gallery to escape the rain. He saw G from afar, and the man reminded him of Ellis. He followed G around the museum, stopping to talk with him when G arrived at the Van Gogh painting from Michael’s childhood. They went to a bookstore and eventually back to Michael’s apartment, though they did not have sex. They fell asleep, and when Michael woke up, G was gone, but he had left a note with his number. G lived in a barn in Suffolk, and they soon struck up a relationship. Michael believed that he loved G, but over time, they became more friends than lovers, and Michael encouraged G to see other people. They still talked together every week, however, and when G called to tell Michael that he had AIDS, Michael promised to be there for him.


In Michael’s present, G wakes in the middle of the night, screaming. Michael decides that he can no longer handle the situation on his own, so he arranges for G to have a bed in a ward dedicated to AIDS patients. They are familiar with the ward, having been many times, and they find themselves welcomed. One day, as Michael walks through the ward, he meets a young man named Chris, who is 21 years old. They begin talking, and when Chris mentions that his doctor has encouraged him to write a letter to his parents, Michael offers to help.


A few days later, they begin working on it, and Michael teases Chris about flirting with him. When Chris shows Michael a picture of himself from when he was 19, Michael is shocked by the drastic change in Chris’s appearance, but he reassures Chris, stating that the teenager is still handsome. Chris, in a moment of shame, declares that he was not promiscuous, and Michael refuses to let him feel guilty. However, the tension rises when Chris asks whether Michael was ever in love, and Michael tells the boy that love is overrated. Chris is hurt by this idea and argues with Michael, pleading that he refrain from mocking an experience that Chris always wanted but will never have.


At home, Michael looks at a picture of him and Ellis on their trip to France and reminisces about their relationship. When he returns to the hospital, he sits with G and recites paint colors to him, hoping to soothe his artistic former lover. Chris finds Michael, saying he missed talking with him, and asks Michael to join him in eating some cake that his friends bought him. As they eat the cake, Michael shows Chris the picture of him and Ellis. He describes their trip to the south of France, and when Chris asks if he still sees Ellis, Michael says no. He explains that Ellis has a wife in Oxford, and that they lost touch. Chris tells Michael to reach out to Ellis, asserting that their situation is not as complicated as he thinks.


Michael reflects that he knew he wanted to kiss Ellis the first time he saw him. He remembers their first night together, when he nervously approached Ellis in bed, worried that Ellis would reject him. He didn’t, and for years, Michael wondered if Ellis’s attraction was based on proximity or something more. The two went to France in August 1969, and on the ferry over, Michael felt the urge to kiss Ellis and was pleasantly surprised when Ellis reached over to touch his finger. When they finally reached Saint-Raphaël, they were met by a nice room and sweet landlady. Michael felt free in France, and he fell even more deeply in love with Ellis. They explored the town and went to the beach, where their gray towels contrasted with colorful ones all around them. At night, drunk, they swam naked together in the ocean before returning to their room and having sex for the first time.


The next morning, Michael was nervous that Ellis would pretend the night had not happened, due to the shame that Leonard had instilled in him. When Ellis woke up, Michael did indeed see such emotions cross his face, but he swooped in, kissing and reassuring Ellis to keep him from spiraling emotionally. With four days left of their trip, they began planning to stay and live their lives together in the small French town. Michael worried that Ellis would back out, but he felt excited by the possibility of their new life together. On their last day, Michael took a walk around the town, imagining his new life, but when he returned to the room, he found Ellis packing their bags. When Michael professed his love to Ellis, Ellis remained silent.


Once they returned to Oxford, Michael and Ellis did not see each other for a while, and a numbness slowly crept into Michael’s heart. Even when they reunited and Michael was relieved to be with Ellis again, he accepted that they could never be together in the way that he wanted. Since then, love and sex were separated for him. 


Michael explains all of this to Chris, admitting that his love lasted for nine days in France. Before Michael leaves, Chris asks to keep the photo for the night, and he assures Michael that if he had been Ellis, he would not have packed his bags; instead, he would have let the train leave without them.


The next day, Michael takes Chris outside, and they finish writing Chris’s letter to his parents. Afterwards, Michael stays away from the ward for a few days because a cold keeps him sick at home. He imagines calling Annie and Ellis and reconnecting with them, but he cannot bring himself to do it. He goes to see a movie, which features a student reciting “O Captain! My Captain!” and he recalls once doing the same for Dora. He rushes to the hospital to tell Chris about this coincidence but learns that Chris’s parents came and took him home. Michael watches the Berlin Wall come down on the news in G’s room, speaking with a nurse about how people never thought it would happen. G dies on December 1, 1989, and the grief overwhelms Michael.


Christmas approaches, but a depressed Michael cannot free himself from the sofa. He remembers the Christmas of 1976, when he waited for Ellis to return from his final Christmas tree delivery. By that point, seven years had passed since their trip to France, and Ellis told the story differently, calling it a trip for bachelors. Michael knew that they both had been keeping secrets from each other, refusing to acknowledge who they were to one another. When Ellis returned with Annie, Michael saw right away that she was the one for Ellis, and he silently mourned the fact that he himself was not.


In Michael’s present, New Year’s Eve passes, and soon the clocks jump ahead. Michael still does not leave his apartment. He finally ventures out, seeking normalcy, and finds himself at the bookshop that he and G visited on the day they met. He stands in front of the painting of sunflowers, wondering what Dora saw in them. Suddenly, a man rudely asks him to move. When Michael tells the man to wait, the man begins pushing Michael, who finds himself screaming, “I have a fucking right to be here!” (153). Surprised by his own emotional outburst, he apologizes and leaves quietly.

Part 2, Chapter 1 Analysis

Just as Ellis looks back on his life and wonders at the missed opportunities of his love life, Michael also feels The Silent Burden of Regret and desperately tries to find creative ways to mitigate it. Michael wants to be with Ellis, and despite his many efforts, he must finally accept the bitter reality that they will never have the romance he wants them to have together. By accepting this, he gives up on his own vision of the future, but he still allows this impossible vision to haunt his mind and influence his life as he seeks to replicate his lost relationship with other people, like G. As Michael says of his new love interest, “He reminded me of Ellis and not just in looks but how intense he was, how hidden, and I became the boy I’d once been, living out the fantasy of a long-gone youth” (116). In this moment, by seeking to use G to replace his connection with Ellis, Michael dooms his latest relationship to failure because he cannot let go of the regrets of his past and still seeks to correct them on some level. He pursues G because of his physical and emotional similarities to Ellis, not because he is interested in G in and of himself. In moments of clarity, however, Michael realizes that in pursuing this fantasy, he is recreating new versions of his old regrets. He cannot move on from what he wanted, and by describing it as “the fantasy of a long-gone youth” (116) he finally acknowledges just how lost he is. This moment marks a turning point, forcing him to realize that by continuing to pursue this fantasy, he only worsens the pain of not having the real thing.


Because Winman takes care to situate her narrative amidst real-world concerns, the AIDS epidemic plays an important role in Part 2 of Tin Man, both as a historical moment and as a personal crisis for Michael. He loses G to the virus and eventually begins showing signs of the infection himself before his death, and as he spends time in the hospital with G, he grows close to another patient named Chris, who reminds him of a younger version of himself. Perceiving that Chris is young, naïve, and desperate for authentic love, just as Michael himself once was with Ellis, Michael takes it upon himself to act as a philosophical mentor to Chris. Yet ironically, Chris has a far more profound effect upon Michael, urging him to reconnect with his lost love despite the fears that have been preventing him from doing so. 


It is also important to note that Winman’s depiction of the two men’s friendship is designed to address the many injustices surrounding society’s misinterpretation (and vilification) of people with AIDS during this time frame. Mistakenly believing it to be a disease that only affects gay men, mainstream culture often stigmatized the virus, implicitly ascribing a bevy of negative traits to those who were unlucky enough to contract it. For example, even the sensitive Chris feels the need to defend his character, stating, “I wasn’t promiscuous” (122), and his stark declaration forces Michael to realize that the young man has been traumatized by the prejudices of “the bigots, the press, [and] the Church” (122). This scene captures the pain that goes beyond the personal losses experienced by gay men with AIDS during this time frame when the disease was poorly understood and frequently misrepresented. When Chris defends himself against people who insist upon linking his diagnosis with his sense of morality, Michael looks on in sorrow, realizing that these judgments and pressures have dehumanized his young friend. Just like Michael, Chris only wants to find genuine love, and because of this, he is saddled with an undeserved reputation. In this moment, Winman captures the societal prejudices that alienated men with AIDs during a time when they desperately needed support and love.


As Michael looks back on his own life and considers his relationship with Ellis, he begins to realize that this connection is built upon more than mere attraction and affection. Michael and Ellis met at a particularly trying time in Michael’s life, as his younger self faced loss and upheaval. Now, Michael finally begins to understand that his love for Ellis is in part connected to The Search for Identity and Belonging. As he muses, “I used to wonder if my desire for [Ellis] came out of displacement. My need to join with someone, my readiness to love. The consequence of grieving, even for a father who was, by then, as distant to me as the southern sky” (129). After the loss of his father, Michael craves to be with someone and to feel as though he belongs with the people around him. Because Ellis is the first person he meets when he arrives at Mabel’s house, he finds that connection in the boys instant friendship, and this need leads to the love and affection that he carries for Ellis for the rest of his life. Now, upon reflection, Michael realizes that an inherent part of grief involves the search for a new identity. Even though Michael’s father was not there for him and caused him emotional strife, the young Michael was lost without him, and his need to belong pushed him toward Ellis, who had an equal need to receive the love that Michael had to offer. Both characters have experienced major loss and have helped each other to maneuver through it by giving and accepting love.

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