Torpedoed: The True Story of the World War II Sinking of "The Children's Ship"

Deborah Heiligman

58 pages 1-hour read

Deborah Heiligman

Torpedoed: The True Story of the World War II Sinking of "The Children's Ship"

Nonfiction | Book | Middle Grade | Published in 2019

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Chapters 19-24Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 19 Summary: “Phoenixes”

Barbara Bech was in the last lifeboat that the Hurricane rescued. Her mother was “overjoyed” to have her family reunited, and Barbara was surprised Mrs. Bech had been so worried. She had spent the night on the lifeboat, calmly assured that her mother and siblings were safe.


Bess Walder was still desperate for news of her little brother. The ship’s doctor tried to reassure her that many parents would have no children coming home, so her parents wouldn’t hold her responsible for losing her brother, but this did nothing to make Bess feel better.


Louis Walder had been on lifeboat 11 with Michael Rennie, one of the CORB boys’ favorite chaperones. All through the night, Michael repeatedly dove into the sea to save children, but eventually, the cold got to Michael and killed him, along with most of the children he rescued. When their lifeboat was finally rescued, Louis and one other boy were the only two survivors out of 15 CORB children on board.


Bess was “sick and sad” in her room until the captain himself knocked on her door, announcing he had “a present” for her and producing her brother (194). Bess was overjoyed, but she didn’t at first realize just how lucky she was. She and her brother were the only set of CORB siblings to survive the torpedo attack.

Chapter 20 Summary: “In Spite of All the Precautions”

The Hurricane made its way toward the nearby port of Greenock, as CORB officials drafted a letter to parents of lost children, and the survivors began to absorb “the immensity of the tragedy” (196). 83 CORB children were presumed dead, and parents began receiving letters on Friday, September 20, a week after the ship had set sail. The families of chaperones like Mary Cornish and Michael Rennie also received letters of condolence. However, some of these letters were premature. Lifeboat 12 was still at sea, carrying 46 passengers, including chaperone Mary Cornish and six CORB boys.

Chapter 21 Summary: “Lifeboat 12”

Commanded by the City of Benares’s fourth officer, Ronnie Cooper, lifeboat 12 had been launched without taking on any water or losing any passengers. The survivors, including six CORB boys, were relatively safe and dry; the worst part of their ordeal “was hearing the other children screaming and not being able to do anything about it” (203-4). The boat was full, so body heat helped the passengers survive the night. Thirteen-year-old Keneth Spark, the oldest CORB boy on board, stayed warm because he had gone back for his “nice overcoat” during the evacuation, worried that his mother would be angry if he left it behind. Mary Cornish, on the other hand, was dressed only in lightweight clothes and was soon freezing. Father O’Sullivan was also on the boat, still sick and in bad shape.


When the sun rose on September 18, lifeboat 12 was alone in the Atlantic Ocean. Ronnie Cooper knew it might be some time before they were rescued, and there were limited supplies for so many passengers, so he began to carefully ration their food and water supplies. In the worst-case scenario, the boat would have to sail to the coast of Ireland, a journey of more than a week. George Purvis was in charge of the rationing, and he knew he had “to be detailed, methodical, and conservative” to make the food and water last (208). Cooper also arranged the passengers so they fit into the boat more comfortably and instructed the crew to rig a tarp to protect them from the weather.


At noon on Wednesday, the 18th, Purvis passed around the group’s first meal: a sardine atop a ship’s biscuit and a beaker of water each. Everyone had to be patient and wait their turn as the food and water were passed from person to person. The people aboard the lifeboat would need to employ “cooperation, good nature, and a sense of community” (209), all working together if they wanted to survive. The sun started to go down with no sign of rescue, and Purvis served the second meal: a biscuit, condensed milk, and another beaker of water. Lifeboat 12 buckled down for another cold and stormy night.

Chapter 22 Summary: “I Spy Nothing”

When the sun came up the next day, Father O’Sullivan roused himself to lead the CORB boys in the Lord’s Prayer. The lascars, most of whom were Muslim, also prayed at dawn. Mary Cornish was determined to keep the CORB boys alive; she felt this was “the most important task of her life” (212). However, they would have many obstacles to overcome, not the least of which was boredom. The boys, between the ages of nine and 13, were used to running around and playing outside. On the crowded lifeboat, there was hardly room to move. There were no games, no radio, and no books. To keep them occupied, Mary started by leading them in songs. The boys were also still eager to talk about their ordeal, telling one another where they had been when the torpedo struck and how they had escaped the ship. They asked one another over and over if they would “rather be torpedoed at sea or bombed at home” (215). They all agreed they would rather be torpedoed at sea, still feeling as if they were on an “adventure.”


However, “boredom set in quickly” (215). They tried playing “I spy,” but there was little to see there in the open ocean. Desperate to keep the boys’ spirits up, Mary began to tell the story of Bulldog Drummond, the hero of a series of popular novels by Cyril McNeile, adding her own story lines when she forgot what happened next. Drummond was “the perfect scrappy hero for children far away from home, in a lifeboat in the middle of the ocean in the middle of a war” (217), and when Mary got stuck in the story, she told the boys it would continue later. She took her time to think of her next installment, drawing from other films or books she knew. This gave the boys something to look forward to, and they settled into a routine of listening to Mary’s stories in the morning after prayers, in the afternoon after lunch, and finally another installment before bed.


Just like Drummond, Mary “was a hero in her own story,” and she had to overcome “obstacles” and face “adversaries” (218).

Chapter 23 Summary: “Perils at Sea”

The passengers on lifeboat 12 couldn’t survive long with the food and water they had left, and the harsh conditions of the weather and cramped quarters were taking a toll on their bodies. Mary was feeling “the mental and emotional stress of keeping the boys alive,” but this “huge responsibility” also “gave her a reason to stay strong, to stay alive” (220). In addition to “the extreme cold, fear, boredom, and damage to their bodies because they couldn’t move around much” (219), Mary also had a “human adversary” in the form of Harry Peard.


Peard was 38, older than Ronnie Cooper and George Purvis, and had been a navy gunner on the Benares. Gregarious and outspoken, he was “a real-life hero” to the CORB boys (220). He made them laugh, but he could also be critical of Mary, accusing her of not taking good care of the boys. While he often irked Mary, he also respected her and tried his best to pitch in with her efforts to keep the boys’ spirits up, teaching them “salty old songs” when Mary needed to pause her storytelling.


On their fourth day at sea, they were sailing along when Father Rory spotted a pod of whales that soon surrounded the boat. The boys were delighted, but the lifeboat had to steer away to avoid being crushed by the huge animals.

Chapter 24 Summary: “British Heroes Don’t Snivel”

By the fifth day, there was still no sign of rescue, and the boys’ “bodies were wasting away” (224). Mary rubbed their feet, sore from the seawater and lack of movement, and tried to keep them occupied with her stories. Some of the lascars were becoming delirious, and everyone was suffering from the lack of food and water. Now, when the boys asked each other if they would rather be torpedoed at sea or bombed at home, they all agreed that being bombed at home was the better option. They talked about how thirsty they were and fantasized about what food they would eat when they were rescued. The hours began to “blur” together and “[t]heir world got smaller and smaller” (227). Mary forced herself to keep up with her stories and urged the boys to be brave.

Chapters 19-24 Analysis

This section begins by describing the rescue of most of the Benares’ surviving passengers, including two families reunited against all odds. Marguerite, Sonia, and little Derek Bech are reunited with Barbara, the eldest Bech child, and Bess Walder is delighted to find her little brother, Louis. However, out of the many siblings on board, they are the only ones to find each other on the Hurricane. Others, like Johnny Baker, search for their siblings in vain and never know exactly what happened to them. In other cases, whole families of children drown. The rarity of reunions like Bess and Louis’s highlights The Human Cost of War.


Following the Hurricane’s successful rescue, the story of the City of Benares seems to be wrapping up. However, Lifeboat 12 is still adrift in the Atlantic Ocean. Although Heiligman has alluded to the fact that “one lifeboat with three dozen survivors of the Benares would be missed” (81), the extent of Lifeboat 12’s ordeal is a largely unexpected twist as the eventful rescue of the other survivors leads the reader to forget the missing lifeboat.


The story of Lifeboat 12 further elaborates on the contrasting roles of luck and determination in survival, again illustrating that one single stroke of luck isn’t sufficient to keep individuals alive in a crisis. At first glance, Lifeboat 12 is one of the lucky boats; it is launched “without a hitch” (203), and everyone on board is safe and dry. They pass the night in relative comfort and await rescue. However, despite this initial luck, the survival of the passengers on lifeboat 12 is far from assured, and a stroke of bad luck nearly means the death of all 46 people on board. Like the other survivors now safely aboard the Hurricane, relying on luck isn’t enough; the individuals on lifeboat 12 have to fight for their survival, displaying remarkable Heroism and Resilience in the Face of Danger. Mary Cornish, who takes primary responsibility for the six CORB boys on the lifeboat, embodies this determination. Her sense of responsibility gives her purpose and the strength to keep going, telling stories and soothing the boys even when her “lips were so swollen, her tongue encrusted with salt” (227). She knows that “[f]ortitude was the only way through” (227), and keeps fighting to keep herself and the boys alive. Heiligman’s narration demonstrates that under the pressure of the crisis, ordinary people like Mary did not crack; rather, they rose to meet the challenges in front of them and became heroes.


The passengers on lifeboat 12 also survived because of their sense of cooperation and the trust they put in one another. From Beth and Bess clinging to the keel of their lifeboat to Jack Keeley, Eric Davis, and John McGlashan on their raft to the dozens of people aboard lifeboat 12, Heiligman illustrates just how far companionship and camaraderie go in giving individuals the strength to keep fighting to stay alive under unthinkable circumstances. On lifeboat 12, the boat’s skipper, Ronnie Cooper, helps foster “cooperation, good nature, and a sense of community” (209). Everyone works together; Father Rory even attempts to help row despite his sickness, and Harry Peard, who is Mary’s “adversary,” pitches in to care for the boys and keep their spirits up. Later, when supplies begin to run out and morale aboard the lifeboat wanes, their “strongly knit community based on goodwill and shared experience” (247) prevents “mutiny” from breaking out. Instead of looking out for their individual well-being, each person on the boat continues to prioritize the collective good.

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