49 pages 1-hour read

George Saunders

Vigil

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2026

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Pages 39-69Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of illness, emotional abuse, and death.

Pages 39-69 Summary

Under the increased medication dosage, Boone’s memories converge into each other, blending Jakarta and the Grand-Place in Belgium. A tour guide tells him of the region’s history of violence, which preceded its current state. Boone tells himself he has had more impact on the world than many of the people who had been through that part of Indonesia before. In his mind, he briefly hears support from the voice of his daughter, Julia, to whom he confides his distress.


Acquaintances and friends from Boone’s past exit through doors all around the Grand-Place. Boone identifies each one, including his legal counsel, Glenn McDougall, whom he used to humiliate at the end of every meeting with a disparaging remark. Boone also sees his enemies, including a college student who once asked him an incisive series of questions after he’d given a talk. The boy makes Boone anxious, so he rushes away from the Grand-Place. Boone’s friends and enemies merge into a single mass and close in on him. Jill explains they are not the real people, but manifestations of his memory. Her words allow Boone to send them away, which earns her his trust.


The Frenchman draws Jill up to the roof. He tries again to impress the negative impact of Boone’s work on the world by reminding her of lakes she used to visit when she was alive, then making her imagine they are all drained and ruined, as they are in countries like Uzbekistan. He stresses that the only real way to comfort Boone is to get him to admit the truth about his misdeeds.


The two spirits watch as the bride and groom at the wedding next door share a kiss. The Frenchman tells Jill that his life was happy and that he spends most of his time interviewing the near-dead so that he can find peace for the way he lived, much like Jill does in her mission to provide comfort. Jill assures him that she is already at peace. The Frenchman is skeptical of her reply and asks for her help in sending him up to the heavens.


Reentering Boone’s thoughts, Jill sees his classmates from school holding a plebiscite. They all vote to proclaim that Boone had lived extraordinarily and that he lived beyond reproach in his treatment of everyone. Boone approaches his teacher, Miss Eva, to tell her about his petition. In his attempt to remember the word “petition,” Boone recalls someone in his legal team of enormous size who used to scare him because he was so big. Miss Eva supplies the missing word and affirms the petition as something that gained overwhelming support from thousands of scientists. Boone admits that some of those signatures were fake, but they nevertheless added to the effect of convincing his audience of his position. When Miss Eva criticizes him for confessing only a minor sin, Boone turns his attention out the window. He sees a creek filled with excrement. Boone’s mother comes by, so Miss Eva reports to her that Boone’s biggest weakness is his massive ego. Boone walks away from both women, dismissing them as more figments of his imagination.


Boone walks to his modest childhood home and looks for sensory details that remind him of his past. The Boone family lived across from the house of a rich family called the Mintons. Boone used to watch them regularly and admire their lifestyle. He took a job as a caddy at the local country club and made the effort to impress the club’s rich members, hoping that he could join their ranks one day. At the country club, he learned that powerful men are discreet about their actions to preserve the secret to their affluence. He worked hard through college to get himself entrenched in the oil industry. He enjoyed the company of the people he led at work. However, Boone gained enemies who challenged his team and their values. When he expressed skepticism over their claims, they accused him of denying their charges and represented him as a villain. Jill realizes that Boone is trying to get her to understand the circumstances in which he grew up. She affirms that Boone’s experience was hard, which he appreciates.


Boone and Jill hear a noise across the room, marking the appearance of two new male spirits wearing lab coats over business suits. The men claim to be Boone’s former colleagues and introduce themselves as Mel G. and Mel R. Both Mels have not seen Boone since before their deaths, as Boone did not attend either of their funerals. They mockingly insinuate that they collaborated with Boone in the lie to discredit any challenges to his work in the oil industry. They explain that they were both involved in the development of the atomic bomb, allowing the United States to win World War II. Boone secretly helped them to develop several environmental and energy initiatives that would undermine sincere environmentalist movements to the advantage of Boone’s business. They represent these initiatives by replicating themselves several times, each copy dropping out as a tiny version from their rear ends.


The Mels implore Boone not to yield his moral position, assuring him that he, too, can die without ever being held accountable for his actions. Boone answers that neither of them is welcome in his room. They respect his wishes and tell him they will be waiting nearby to collect him. They are eager for the “good days” they will have with him as their new companion.


Boone is disturbed by the Mels’ presence, especially when Jill affirms that they were real spirits, not figments. Boone turns his angry thoughts towards Jill and starts to insult her, hurting her feelings and sending her away. Jill tries to calm down for the sake of preserving her elevation. She travels through the neighborhood and feels greed and resentment in the air, especially around the gas stations that aggressively advertise commercial products and services. Jill settles down on an abandoned couch in a vacant lot and feels herself beginning to despise Boone.

Pages 39-69 Analysis

In this section, Boone uses his spiritual connection with Jill to reveal more of his backstory in an attempt to garner her sympathy, highlighting The Tension Between Compassion and Justice. Boone emphasizes the contrast between his humble background and modest childhood home with the extravagant Minton house that neighbored them. He frames his life as a story of ambition and grit, resonating with the ideals of the individualist American Dream that encourages all Americans to work hard in the pursuit of happiness. Saunders reinforces the pervasive power of this concept when one of the partygoers next door looks over to the Boone mansion to catch a glimpse of the man he’s looked up to as an idol. If Boone can convince Jill to sympathize with him, then it will resolve her moral quandary around comforting Boone and suggest that people like Boone deserve the same compassion that a more morally upstanding person might receive from Jill. Death, the novel posits, makes all people equal, regardless of how they acted in life.


However, Boone undermines his own effort to convince Jill of his position when he reveals himself as an unreliable narrator of his own history. As Boone lies dying, he utilizes elements of his memories to construct fantasies in his own defense. He imagines his schoolmates voting in support of him, weaponizing their innocence and shared humility to assuage his own guilt. When Boone tries to seek validation from his teacher, Miss Eva, however, his strategy fails as she downplays the falsified signatures on his petition as a “minor” sin, indicating that Boone knows that he’s committed much more egregious faults as an adult. Miss Eva is a figment of his imagination, rather than an independent spirit in the vein of Jill or the Frenchman—a puppet for his subconscious, rather than an unbiased judge of his character.


The introduction of the Mels provides a picture of Boone’s potential fate if he doesn’t repent of his actions. Where Boone is reticent to confront the morality of his work, the Mels are proud of their amorality. When they share their backstory as scientists who contributed to the development of the atomic bomb, they argue that scientific breakthroughs should overshadow the human cost of such research, foregrounding the novel’s thematic emphasis on The Environmental Cost of Industrial Development and the ethics of technological progress. Before they leave, the Mels share their eagerness to collect Boone’s soul because they want to talk about “the good old days […] And the good days yet to come […] With you at our side, K.J. As we roam the earth, encouraging former compatriots in their final moments” (66). Saunders implies that Boone’s character arc will follow this same trajectory if Jill and the Frenchman are unsuccessful in counteracting them, positioning the Mels as antagonists of the narrative. The Mels resist the kind of spiritual fulfillment Jill has achieved through elevation. They are trapped in the material world, desperate for people who can validate their choices. If Boone should follow their suggestion, he risks entering a state of perpetual cosmic isolation just as they have. 


Saunders complicates the conflict by having Boone antagonize Jill more openly. Though Boone resents the Mels, he takes his anger out on Jill, which causes her to hate him, further reestablishing the connection to her human self. She knows that she has a responsibility to engage with Boone, but her mandate is now being affected by her personal feelings toward him, introducing a choice: she can adopt the Frenchman’s position and let Boone die without the graces and comforts she typically dispenses, but doing so would mean rejecting the universal compassion and beneficence that her duty embodies. Saunders positions this tension as a symptom of Jill’s continued reclamation of her humanity. When she encounters the Frenchman once again, she balks at the Frenchman’s suggestion that she, like him, is seeking peace for the way she lived. The question of her motivation underscores her agency as a human person, rather than a spiritual functionary. The novel is essentially challenging her to reveal why she allows herself to comply with the mechanism of granting people comfort in their final hours. The answer to that question, Saunders suggests, is what makes Jill human, emphasizing The Role of Human Nature in Moral Conversion.

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