59 pages 1-hour read

Waverley

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1814

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Volume 1, Chapters 16-29Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Volume 1, Chapter 16 Summary: "An Unexpected Ally Appears"

Bradwardine tells Edward about their Highland neighbors, and Edward is interested in these people he considers to be romantic figures. A messenger from Fergus comes to visit the Baron and tells him that the chief wishes for peace, to which Bradwardine agrees. The messenger—Evan Dhu Maccombich, the foster brother of the chief—sees Edward’s interest in him and invites him to spend the night in the Highlands. Edward hikes several miles with Evan and his companions, and he cannot help but notice the romance of the situation.

Volume 1, Chapter 17 Summary: "The Holds of a Highland Robber"

Edward and his companions arrive at a cave where a meeting is being held by Donald Bean Lean, the leader of the thieves. Edward is surprised by the warm welcome he receives, how gentlemanly the leader of the thieves is, and how much Donald knows about politics and the military. Edward peacefully spends the night in the cavern.

Volume 1, Chapter 18 Summary: "Waverley Proceeds on his Journey"

Donald’s company is gone when Edward wakes up, but his daughter Alice prepares breakfast for him and Evan. Edward notices that his Waverley family seal is missing. As they continue their journey, Evan tells Edward about how thieves like Donald think stealing from Lowlanders and English people is permissible. He also tells Edward about the complex politics of upholding the law in the Highlands. Fergus allows Donald to commit his crimes but would not protect him from a Lowland invasion. Evan is surprised when Fergus comes to meet Edward without his usual train of followers, and Edward interprets this as a great honor. Edward is impressed by how handsome and dignified the chief is, but on later reflection sees how powerful and vindictive he can be.

Volume 1, Chapter 19 Summary: "The Chief and his Mansion"

The narrator describes Fergus and his history, saying that he is a knowledgeable political leader who was educated in France. Fergus was a double agent: he had worked with a group charged by the Hanoverian king to establish law in the Highlands but simultaneously protected the Jacobite Lowland gentry with his large and well-organized clan. A staunch Jacobite himself, Fergus has attempted to rally all the nearby clans to his cause, believing the rightful king will soon be restored. Fergus takes Edward to his home, where he sees many of Fergus’s soldiers practicing for battle before a feast.

Volume 1, Chapter 20 Summary: "A Highland Feast"

The narrator describes the great hospitality Edward receives at a feast for hundreds, which Edward observes is essentially divided by class. Edward sees how much Fergus is admired and venerated by his clan, and Fergus invites him to tea with his sister Flora.

Volume 1, Chapter 21 Summary: "The Chieftain’s Sister"

Edward sees the similarities between Fergus and Flora in their looks as well as their political beliefs, yet the narrator describes Flora’s principles as more pure than political, contrary to those of her brother. Flora had been the one to urge the reconciliation between Fergus and Bradwardine.

Volume 1, Chapter 22 Summary: "Highland Minstrelsy"

Fergus leaves Edward and Flora to discuss Celtic poetry and a poem Edward had heard at the feast. Edward is completely charmed by Flora’s beauty and the way she expresses her passions. She sings him an old battle song and once again Edward is enraptured by the romance of the people and culture of the Scottish Highlands.

Volume 1, Chapter 23 Summary: "Waverley Continues at Glennaquoich"

Fergus meets with Edward and Flora again and invites the Englishman to stay a week at Glennaquoich. They write to the Baron to let him know. The siblings discuss Donald Bean Lean, whom Flora detests, though Fergus sees the political advantages of keeping him close. 

Volume 1, Chapter 24 Summary: "Stag-Hunt and its Consequences"

Edward ends up spending multiple weeks at Glennaquoich and grows closer to Fergus and Flora. He goes on a hunt with Fergus and other local chiefs during which he sprains his ankle and is healed by an herbalist. He is carried back past Glennaquoich to the house of a gentleman related to Fergus who takes care of Edward for a few days as he heals. Edward asks his host where Fergus has gone, but he does not tell him. Six days later, Fergus returns and he and Edward go back to Glennaquoich, where Edward is overjoyed to see Flora.

Volume 1, Chapter 25 Summary: "News from England"

Flora gives Edward some letters that have been forwarded from Tully-Veolan, from which he learns that his father has been fired from his seat in the government due to political sectarianism. Due to this, Richard urges Edward to give up his commission—something Everard agrees with in his own letter to Edward. However, Edward also receives a letter from his commanding officer saying he must return to the regiment or be considered a deserter. Edward feels that this is a slight to the Waverley name and considers it a politically motivated move. He meets with Fergus, who has read about Richard Waverley’s disgrace in a local paper which also addresses Edward’s desertion. Edward is full of indignation and shame and cries in Fergus’s arms as both men begin to think of revenge. Fergus says Edward should not direct his anger toward people like the colonel but instead to the king.

Volume 1, Chapter 26 Summary: "An Éclaircissement"

Fergus sees that a match between Flora and Edward would be good for their cause, especially as he recognizes Edward’s feelings for his sister. Flora rejoices in the news that Edward has been relieved from his commission, but she hesitates to wish he would join their cause as Edward is not ready to give his life for it like her and Fergus. Edward attempts to confess his feelings to Flora, but she stops him, asking him to give her half an hour to think about what she wants to say to him. Edward is stunned as Fergus takes him away to see his military preparations.

Volume 1, Chapter 27 Summary: "Upon the Same Subject"

Fergus continues to be secretive about his battle plans around Edward, as he has not agreed to join the Jacobite cause. When Edward brings up the subject, Fergus urges him to go and seek out Flora before she can decide against him. When Edward finds her, Flora admits that she cannot feel anything but friendship toward him. She tells him that her dedication to the Jacobite cause is the only thing she thinks of, and she cannot give him the attention he wants until the rightful king is restored to the throne. She tells him he deserves a wife who can give him love and affection, knowing she cannot. Flora also warns Edward not to follow Fergus into battle, knowing he can add nothing to the cause and will lose his reputation or his life if he joins the uprising.

Volume 1, Chapter 28 Summary: "A Letter from Tully-Veolan"

The next morning, Edward awakes to the voice of Davie Gellatley singing a Highland song below his window. Davie gives Edward a letter from Rose telling him that a warrant has been issued for her father’s arrest, but he has escaped. Officers came to Tully-Veolan the next day, also asking about Edward, and Rose warns him about staying in Scotland. Edward debates the worth of entering into a civil war and writes back to Rose to let her know he is safe. He knows he must leave as soon as possible and tells Fergus he intends to flee to the Lowland capital of Edinburgh. Fergus warns that the English will turn against him for his Jacobite ties, whereas the Jacobites would welcome him gladly. However, Edward is determined, and Fergus sees him off after summoning Flora, who declines to say goodbye to Edward.

Volume 1, Chapter 29 Summary: "Waverley’s Reception in the Lowlands After his Highland Tour"

Edward thinks of Flora’s rejection as he heads into the Lowlands. He and one of Fergus’s Clansmen, Callum Beg, stay at a pub in a small market town for the night, where Edward gets a horse and guide to take him to Edinburgh. Callum gives Edward a letter from Fergus in which he has enclosed a poem Flora wrote about a historic English soldier who abandoned his countrymen to fight for the Scots. The landlord of the pub, a puritanical man named Ebeneezer Cruickshanks, who Callum suspects might report them if he learns they come from the Highlands, tells Edward he will be accompanying him as far as Perth. 

Volume 1, Chapters 16-29 Analysis

These chapters highlight the theme of Preserving Scotting Culture and Character as Edward is introduced to Highland culture, something Scott makes a point of documenting in detail. Rather than stereotyping the Highlanders as certain characters in the novel do and as many English people in Scott’s time would have done, Scott is sure to show the nuance of these characters, demonstrating how different clans are distinct from one another. Keeping with the theme of Tolerance and Understanding in the Face of Political Upheaval, Scott never explicitly sides with either the Hanoverians or the Jacobites. The Jacobite cause is treated with great sympathy throughout, and Edward begins to understand how his position in the British army impacts the people he encounters in Scotland, even if he is not yet willing to switch allegiances. Edward meets a wide variety of people from different families, classes, cultures, and identities in and out of Glennaquoich, negating any single assumption about the Highlanders. Though he is kept in the dark regarding several Jacobite secrets, Edward feels welcome and is treated like a clansman of the Mac-Ivors. The closer Edward grows with people like Fergus, Flora, and Evan, the more he reflects upon the English military culture he has left, leading him to question his allegiance to his country.


Just as Edward continually compares and contrasts England and Scotland in these chapters, the narrator frequently compares Edward and Fergus to one another. Though these characters initially appear to be opposites of one another, they share many traits and motivations. Both men come from noble families and both are influenced by the fact that they are the last heirs in their family. Though Edward cares less and less for his title and inheritance throughout the novel, he is still influenced by Sir Everard’s insistence that he uphold the family name. Fergus is more motivated by his family legacy than Edward, knowing his clan depends upon him to be a good leader. Yet at their core, Edward and Fergus are foils to one another at this point in the novel. Fergus’s education in the court of France is not unlike the education Edward should have received but did not. Whereas Edward wavers on all of his beliefs due to his lack of guidance as a young man, Fergus is firm in his beliefs, leading him to be willing to do anything for the Jacobite cause. Similarly, Fergus has a political mind and is always thinking of what comes next, whereas Edward is passive and rarely makes any attempts to manipulate his situation. Perhaps most significantly, these chapters highlight how much of a leader Fergus is, showing how skillfully and compassionately he takes care of the hundreds in his clan. Contrarily, Edward is a follower who is easily led by people like Fergus, and as the novel continues this passivity and lack of a firm conviction causes him to switch allegiances and change beliefs throughout the novel.


Romance continues to be a topic of focus in these chapters, in both the contemporary and modern understandings of the term. Not only is Flora Edward’s romantic interest, but she is perhaps the most romantic character of the novel in that she embodies the passions and convictions characteristic of the Romantic era. Flora also embodies the romantic qualities of the Highland people, serving as one of the main vehicles through which Scott preserves and promotes Scottish culture. Her recitation of Gaelic poems and songs beside a waterfall in the wild countryside reminds Edward of the stories he grew up with and his daydreams of chivalry, and Flora’s purity and rationality add to his interest. Flora represents the idealism of romanticism, particularly as her passion for the Jacobite cause is rooted in her care for others. These chapters also point to another ideal of the romantic period: the idea that being closer to nature leads to a purer, simpler life. Edward sees this in the Highlanders, whom he believes to be closer to nature than their Lowland and English neighbors. As Edward conflates the romance of chivalric fiction with the romance of the natural and cultural beauties of the Highlands, he begins to imagine fighting for a noble cause like his ancestors and the knights in his novels. This sets the stage for him to switch alliances to the Jacobite cause.

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