67 pages • 2-hour read
Wally LambA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of bullying, racism, gender discrimination, antigay bias, sexual violence, rape, mental illness, child abuse, child sexual abuse, pregnancy loss and termination, child death, death by suicide, suicidal ideation, animal death, substance use, addiction, graphic violence, sexual content, death, physical abuse, and emotional abuse.
On March 12, 1963, a Three Rivers resident named Ruth Fletcher buries her husband, Claude, whose funeral was delayed by the recent flood that devastated the town. As she sits in the damp funeral home, Ruth reflects on the limited attendance at Claude’s services compared to the large crowd gathered to mourn Myrna “Sunny” O’Day and her infant daughter, Grace, who also died in the flood. Ruth recalls Claude’s resentment of their neighbors, the Skloots, for allowing the Jones brothers—Black men—to live on their property. She openly endorses Claude’s racist beliefs, citing the Jones brothers’ deaths and Rufus’s wife’s later arrest as evidence that interactions between different races lead to disaster. She remembers warnings she received as a girl about Black men and insists that while she does not use racial slurs, she opposes racial “interbreeding.”
Ruth reflects on the flood, which killed seven people and damaged much of the town. She recalls seeing newspaper photographs of Sunny’s surviving children—Annie and Donald—and their cousin Kent Kelly, whom she judges harshly. Ruth also thinks back on her own life, including marrying Claude shortly after he was widowed and helping raise his daughter, Belinda Jean Fletcher. She remembers Belinda as a nervous child who compulsively pulled out her eyebrow hair and reflects on her own efforts to be a conscientious parent, guided by popular child-rearing advice.
At the funeral, Ruth observes Belinda’s lack of visible grief and worries about her emotional withdrawal. She recalls that their estrangement began years earlier over Josephus Jones. When the Jones brothers once brought the family tomatoes, Claude smashed them in anger. Tensions escalated during the town’s Tercentenary celebrations in 1959, when Belinda, performing as a trumpeter, forgot her instrument. Claude brought it to her and saw her speaking with Josephus Jones, which enraged him. Claude confronted them and forbade further contact, leading to a prolonged silence between father and daughter. When Ruth sought guidance from Reverend Frickee, Claude reacted with resentment, punishing Ruth with silence and withholding the carnations he traditionally bought her on her birthday.
Ruth later became aware that Belinda continued seeing Jones in secret. While working as a theater attendant, Ruth saw Belinda meeting Jones at a screening of West Side Story. That evening, Ruth confronted Belinda and instructed her to behave as though her parents were always watching.
At another Tercentenary event—an art exhibition—Ruth saw Jones’s winning painting depicting Adam and Eve, with Jones and Belinda clearly recognizable. She attempted to shield Claude from the painting, but he discovered it, erupted in public anger, and was removed without consequence. That night, Claude expelled Belinda from the home, though he allowed her to return three days later after she insisted that Jones had only sketched her and that no physical relationship occurred.
Weeks later, Jones was found dead in a well on the Skloot property. Ruth immediately suspected Claude, noting his agitation and sleeplessness. Belinda reacted with shock and illness, leading Ruth to fear pregnancy, though Belinda again denied any romantic involvement.
When suspicions arose around Jones’s death, Ruth hoped that Rufus—not Claude—would be blamed. Her fears were confirmed when she later found Claude cleaning a crowbar and burning his clothes, and he admitted to killing Jones. Ruth said nothing and prayed that her husband would not be discovered. In the years that follow, Ruth observed the household’s quiet decay. Claude’s health deteriorated due to heavy smoking, and Belinda became increasingly isolated.
As Ruth reminisces, she reflects on the strange symmetry that both Claude and Sunny O’Day died by suffocation, though in vastly different circumstances, and that both bodies passed through the same funeral home. While in the funeral home, Ruth prays for mercy: “[H]ave mercy on all of them, and on me, too, if it is Thy will” (372).
Part 2’s introduction of a new point of view marks a moral shift in that it moves from the vulnerability and uncertainty that characterize Annie’s narration to a sustained examination of complicity through the perspective of Ruth. Like the Prologue, this section relies on a single consciousness to shape the reader’s understanding of events. However, whereas Agnello’s narrative voice, if at times blinkered, is marked by reflection and regret, Ruth’s is largely self-justifying. She presents herself as a thoughtful, morally serious woman, yet her narration repeatedly demonstrates her failure to confront the wrongdoing she reflects on with clarity and detail—most notably, her husband’s murder of Josephus Jones. Indeed, her narration itself is not so much a reckoning with her own guilt as it is a self-serving attempt to assuage her conscience through confession. In this way, Ruth exemplifies the novel’s insistence that understanding alone does not constitute ethical responsibility.
Motherhood and duty play a central role in Ruth’s rationalizations. She frames her marriage to Claude as a functional arrangement, commenting, “[H]e never said as much, but I know that was why Claude asked me for my hand […] so that I could mother Belinda Jean” (327). Ruth accepts her role as a caretaker without questioning the power structures that define it. Her experience of motherhood as more of an obligation than a pleasure echoes Annie’s experiences in the narrative present, but Annie struggles against the gendered expectations surrounding caretaking and homemaking, while Ruth prides herself on fulfilling them.
Lamb portrays Ruth’s racism (and that of the society she emerges from) with deliberate bluntness. Ruth articulates deeply bigoted beliefs, asserting, for example, that racial difference is divinely ordained and that Black people are inherently immoral or dangerous. Her matter-of-fact tone while doing so emphasizes how such beliefs were normalized and embedded within everyday moral reasoning. Her frequent and ironic invocations of Christianity extend this critique: She appeals to religion as a moral framework yet uses it to justify her own racism, remarking that Rufus’s death might have been “divine justice.” More than this, she appeals directly to God to hide her husband’s guilt: She recognizes the contradiction inherent in “asking the Good Lord to cover up a lie for selfish reasons” (366), but this recognition does not compel her to act differently. Prayer, like her broader narrative, simply becomes a means of exorcising her guilt. Through Ruth, Lamb suggests that faith can facilitate injustice by providing a veneer of righteousness.
Ironically, it is Ruth herself who articulates the chapter’s basic ethical claim when she remarks that “knowing the truth and telling it are two different things” (368). This distinction develops the theme of Intergenerational Trauma and Secrecy: Ruth knows that Claude murdered Josephus Jones, yet she chooses silence to protect her family, her social standing, and her sense of self, and her decision proves to have long-term consequences even for her own stepdaughter. More broadly, the novel signals the rot at the heart of the setting of Three Rivers via the flood that frames this section and symbolically binds otherwise disparate deaths together. Ruth observes that both Sunny O’Day and Claude died by suffocation and that they ultimately ended up together in the floodwater beneath McPadden’s: “[They died] [b]ecause they couldn’t draw enough air into their lungs—her from drowning and him from his emphysema, and maybe because of the terrible thing he done, too” (372). Like Belinda’s suffering, the death of the child here functions as retribution for the sins of prior generations, which Ruth posits as the real cause of Claude’s death.



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