62 pages • 2-hour read
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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of violence, self-harm, death, and animal cruelty and death.
The axe is a key symbol in the text. It is used as a weapon by various characters: The Bunnies use it to threaten Samantha while holding her captive in the attic, and Aerius carries it with him at all times, occasionally using it to murder individuals whom he misidentifies as “Allan.” The axe also contributes to the novel’s intertextuality since it alludes to a quotation from the writer Franz Kafka, who wrote that “a book must be the axe for the frozen sea inside us.”
The axe symbolizes how disruption or the dismantling of expectations can be a key part of the creative process. An axe is typically used to sever something or to break something into smaller pieces; on the surface, it would seem to be at odds with a generative or creative process. However, when Aerius kills various characters with the axe, they experience a kind of transfiguration—for example, Leonard turns into a rabbit. Since the human world in general and the pretentious setting of Warren University in particular is rife with posturing, pretense, and a lack of authenticity, the axe helps to “cut through” unnecessary artifice and return individuals to a more authentic and genuine state.
Aerius repeatedly ponders the idea that if he is killed with the axe, he might return to rabbit form. The axe ultimately turns out not to be his path to transformation, but it does have associations with freedom. The axe is used to break the glass in the attic window so that Aerius and, later, Samantha can leap into freedom. When it shatters the mirrors in the mirrored room where Aerius confronts the Bunnies, it also provides an opportunity for escape. By shattering expectations, false beliefs, and old narratives, the axe can be a tool for transformation, and not simply a weapon of destruction.
Blood and wounds are a central motif in the novel. Coraline carries a razor blade with her everywhere she goes and often engages in self-harm. Ursula refers to the writing process as “tapping the Wound” (179), and Aerius’s bloody quest to kill Allan leads him to commit many gruesome murders. The rabbits spew blood and gore when they explode during the creation rituals, and Aerius escapes from the mirrored room with a wound on his chest, which continues to bleed until he transforms back into a rabbit.
This motif reveals how creativity often incorporates suffering and is rarely a tidy or pretty process. Since creativity is often likened to a kind of birthing process, the presence of blood and wounds alludes to how raw and visceral these creative acts can be. At the same time, the motif of blood and wounds reflects the tortured and melodramatic atmosphere of the college campus, where writers often enjoy the posturing of suffering for their art. Rather than trying to be discreet, most of the characters believe that displaying (and even competing over) their suffering will make them appear more legitimate as artists.
The rose garden located outside the Narrative Arts building functions as a key setting and symbol. It is where the Bunnies find the rabbit whom they transform into Aerius, and also where they later first encounter Aerius in his human form. As a space of creation, the garden alludes to the Garden of Eden, as Aerius resembles Adam and Eve, the first humans to be created by God in the Hebrew Bible. He is initially dependent on his creators but eventually comes to question and rebel against them.
By functioning as an Edenic space, the garden symbolizes a connection to the natural world that modern humans have largely lost. Even before he understands that he previously existed in rabbit form, Aerius pines for a time which he faintly remembers, when he was free, lived without language, and was deeply connected to nature. By being forced into human form, Aerius is symbolically exiled from Paradise, like Adam and Eve when they commit the sin of seeking knowledge and eating forbidden fruit. Since the garden experiences the natural changes and cycles of the season, it also represents the passage of time and the ending of different chapters of life. After Aerius finally returns to rabbit form, the Bunnies spend the night asleep in the garden, awakening to accept that he is lost to them forever.



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