59 pages 1-hour read

What She Left Behind: A Haunting and Heartbreaking Story of 1920s Historical Fiction

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2015

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Chapters 21-26Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of gender discrimination, mental illness, self-harm, substance use, physical abuse, death, suicidal ideation, and child sexual abuse.

Chapter 21 Summary: “Izzy”

Izzy’s mother dies, and Peg comforts Izzy, holding her for a long time. Izzy feels a strong urge to self-harm but resists. At the Geneva funeral home, Peg helps Izzy with the arrangements, including paying for everything. At school, Shannon and her friends have been leaving Izzy alone. Ethan has been trying to talk to Izzy, but she’s been avoiding his calls.


Harry makes Izzy’s favorite food, tacos, for dinner, and Peg makes her hot chocolate. That night, Alex brings Ethan to Peg’s house. Alex and Ethan hug Izzy, and Peg insists that they both stay for dinner. They say they also love tacos.

Chapter 22 Summary: “Clara”

In March 1946, ongoing rain seeps into Willard’s tunnels. As Clara and Esther are herded through the basement, Clara longs for death and wonders if her parents ever think about her. She turns her thoughts to things worth living for, such as movie night and the upcoming Fourth of July picnic. Clara also hopes to find Beatrice someday. Esther and Clara are in line for what the orderlies call “The Blitz,” which is electroshock therapy. An unconscious woman is brought out of the room where the treatment is being administered. The patient behind Clara whimpers.


A few moments later, orderlies carry out another woman, this one screaming in pain. Trench says that the woman’s back is probably broken. Roach briefly examines the woman’s spine and sends her to the infirmary. Trench and Roach argue about the settings of the machine before Clara and Esther are taken into the room. It has four beds; Trench straps Clara to one of them. Trench puts a dirty piece of wood in Clara’s mouth, and May tells Clara to bite down.


Roach says that he is going to administer the treatment using two paddles against her head and that the treatment will help cure her delusions. Clara struggles as May pushes on the wood, making Clara gag. Clara then hears rumbling and splashing noises in the hall, and women run into the room, screaming “Flood!”; water follows shortly behind them. Clara thrashes around until May lets go of the wood, and Clara begs to be untied. May is swept off her feet by the flood as Roach moves toward a window. May manages to grab the bed and begs for Roach’s help. He ignores her, breaks the window, and crawls out.


Water begins to cover Clara. She pulls at the straps but can’t get loose. However, Trench undoes the straps before Clara is submerged. Clara swims toward the window but gets disoriented. People pull on her from underwater, and she accidentally inhales. The chapter ends with her floating without pain.

Chapter 23 Summary: “Izzy”

A couple of days after Joyce’s funeral, Izzy and Peg visit Rita Trench. Her nurse, Renee, answers the door and says that Trench is still “sharp as a tack” at 95 (287). She frequently meets with family members of patients at Willard. Trench offers Peg and Izzy tea, which they reluctantly accept. Peg explains the museum’s project at Willard, and Izzy asks if Trench knew Clara. When Izzy asks about Clara’s daughter, Trench asks her nurse to get her some brandy. The nurse says that her doctor will be displeased but agrees.


Trench admits that Clara didn’t have a mental illness and was kept at Willard against her will. Roach and his wife raised Clara’s baby and renamed her Susan. Susan is a retired kindergarten teacher, Trench thinks, and knows that she was adopted. However, she was told her mother died in childbirth. Trench tells them how Bruno came to rescue Clara but was instead admitted and explains that she helped Bruno and Clara reunite at the Valentine’s Day party. She also reveals that Clara is still alive.

Chapter 24 Summary: “Izzy”

A week later, Izzy and Peg go to the Ithaca Diner to meet with Clara’s daughter, Susan. Peg tells Susan that Izzy’s mother passed away a few days ago. Susan offers her condolences. She believes that her mother is dead as well. Her adopted father wouldn’t talk about Susan’s birth mother and would get upset when Susan would ask questions. She only started to look for her birth mother after her adopted mother died, but she couldn’t get access to Willard’s records. Like Izzy, Susan feared learning about her birth mother for a long time, knowing that she supposedly had a mental illness. Susan never had children because she didn’t want to pass down her genes.


Peg explains the museum project at Willard, and Izzy reveals that Roach lied when he claimed not to know who Susan’s biological father was. Susan gets upset when Peg mentions that Roach admitted Bruno to Willard. Izzy shows Susan the picture of Clara and Bruno from Clara’s suitcase and assures Susan that her parents did not have a mental illness. Susan recognizes Clara’s last name from a news story about Henry Cartwright and his wife dying in a fire. Izzy says that Henry and his wife were Susan’s grandparents and gives her Clara’s journal. Susan thanks them, and Izzy reveals that Clara is still alive and invites Susan to meet her.

Chapter 25 Summary: “Izzy and Clara”

Izzy, Peg, and Susan visit an Ithaca nursing home. It reminds Izzy of the prison hospital. Izzy and Susan have doubts about Clara being who she says she is. A nurse tells them that Clara gets confused and thinks that she has a daughter as she shows them to Clara’s room. The nurse gives Clara her teeth and explains that Clara has difficulty hearing, so they have to speak loudly.


Peg greets Clara and introduces herself and the others. Then, Peg tells Clara they found her suitcase at Willard. They give Clara her sheet music to “Someone to Watch Over Me,” a postcard from Paris, and the picture of her and Bruno. Izzy apologizes for reading Clara’s journal and gives it back. Izzy also apologizes for how Clara’s father treated her. Clara stands and asks Susan if she’s her daughter. Susan cries and says that she is. Clara cries as well, and they hug.


Susan explains that she tried to find out about Clara and apologizes for not succeeding until now. Clara forgives her and says that they have to cherish the time they have. She tells Susan how Bruno died. Susan doesn’t tell Clara who adopted her. Clara shares the name she gave Susan, Beatrice Elizabeth, which Susan loves. Clara thanks Izzy for arranging the reunion, and Peg confirms that she’s proud of Izzy.


The nurse, Jennie, comes back, and Clara introduces her daughter, which shocks Jennie. Clara says that no one ever believed her when she told them she had a daughter. Jennie tells Susan that Clara is generally in good health. Susan invites Clara to come live with her, saying that she can care for Clara now that she’s retired. Clara happily and tearfully agrees.

Chapter 26 Summary: “Izzy”

Izzy forgets about her 18th birthday, but Peg and Harry remember. They have a cake with candles and sing to her when she gets home from school. Peg and Harry want to adopt Izzy, even though she is now legally an adult: They want to help with college and be there at her wedding someday. Izzy is so overwhelmed that she can’t speak, but she nods enthusiastically. They all hug. Ethan, Alex, Clara, and Susan all come out of hiding and wish Izzy a happy birthday.

Chapters 21-26 Analysis

Wiseman’s two narratives continue to parallel one another in this final section. For instance, both Izzy and Susan fear inheriting mental illness and avoid learning about their mothers as a result. While Izzy’s storyline parallels Clara’s in many ways, this also suggests a comparison between Clara and Joyce, two women punished for defying patriarchal authority. By splitting the parallels across multiple characters, Wiseman suggests just how systemic the problem of misogyny is; each woman’s story is unique but also typical. Indeed, Wiseman concludes the theme of Defining Female Autonomy as Mental Illness by indicating that Clara is just one example of a much larger problem: “There were a lot of folks who didn’t deserve to be locked up in an institution, especially women” (290). Clara embodies this systemic silencing of women.


This section also completes Wiseman’s exploration of Institutional Control of Women’s Bodies. Clara spends 10 months in isolation as punishment for trying to escape with Bruno: She is physically separated from others for trying to be with the man she loves. She also narrowly avoids electroshock therapy, which, like the ice baths and insulin comas, is deadly or debilitating for many patients. Furthermore, Roach and his wife raise Clara’s baby, claiming ownership of her offspring. Nor does Clara escape this kind of control when she escapes Willard. The nursing home where she ends up subjects her to similar, if milder, policing—a point underscored by Izzy’s observation that “The nursing home reminded her of her mother lying in the prison hospital” (302). It is not as clean or as comfortable as a house. Residents don’t have privacy; they have roommates. Most significantly, Clara’s insistence that she has a daughter is repeatedly dismissed as a symptom of aging—an echo of Roach’s claim that Clara imagined Bruno. When Susan invites Clara to live in her house, it marks Clara’s first time living in a house since leaving her parents’ mansion against her will. Wiseman thus shows how a woman who challenges the patriarchy can become a prisoner for most of her life.


In the end, however, Izzy and Clara emerge all the more determined to survive their experiences, demonstrating Intergenerational Trauma and Resilience. In both cases, the source of their resilience is another woman. For Izzy, that woman is Joyce: “Her mother had sacrificed her life for her. The least Izzy could do was make the best of it” (277). Clara’s inspiration is a mirror image of Izzy’s. Clara is able to carry on because of her daughter: “She had to keep her wits about her if she was going to survive, if she was going to find Beatrice someday” (281). The thought of reuniting with Beatrice keeps Clara from dying by suicide. That Izzy and Clara eventually meet in person crystallizes the novel’s message about how women can draw strength from one another.

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