64 pages • 2-hour read
Ian McEwanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of illness and emotional abuse.
In the year 2119, a scholar named Thomas Metcalfe travels to the Bodleian Snowdonia Library (formerly part of Oxford) to conduct research on the life of a poet named Francis Blundy, whose life bridged the 20th and 21st centuries. At the library, Thomas is assisted by an archivist named Donald Drummond. Drummond wants to collaborate with Thomas on his research project, but Thomas is annoyed by him.
Thomas revisits the journals kept by Francis’s wife, Vivien Blundy, who indicated that she and Francis were happy after her first marriage to a man named Percy Greene. Toward the end of his life, Greene had Alzheimer’s disease, and Vivien made attempts to become a scholar but ended up abandoning her career to support Francis in his own.
In anticipation of her 54th birthday in October 2014, Vivien prepared to throw a dinner party at the farmhouse (referred to as the Barn) where she lived with Francis. This dinner would retroactively be called the Second Immortal Dinner (a reference to the Immortal Dinner of 1817, held in the house of painter Ben Haydon), in which Francis read the only known copy of his now-lost poem “A Corona for Vivien” as a gift to her. Thomas observes that Vivien’s journals contain occasional references to honest feelings toward Francis, as well as references to the tempestuous weather and the human impact on their environment.
Vivien’s journals are the most significant pieces of evidence supporting Thomas’s research on the Second Immortal Dinner. Thomas tries to fill the gaps in Vivien’s account with assumptions based on her habits. For instance, he suggests that Francis contributed little to the dinner’s preparation as Vivien exclusively managed their household chores. There are some writings on the dinner’s lead-up, including one incident in which Francis lamented a gift of champagne from his nephew, Peter, mistakenly addressed to him instead of Vivien. Thomas notes that Vivien was irritated that Francis failed to greet her with a happy birthday. Francis’s notes from that day say nothing of Vivien, instead recording his thoughts on Peter’s specialty, quantum physics.
Drummond calls Thomas’s attention to a set of numbers Vivien recorded on her journal’s penultimate page. Thomas suspects that the numbers refer to a phone number, though he cannot reconcile them with an existing area code. He is reluctant to work with Drummond to decipher its meaning.
The Second Immortal Dinner came into prominence when the public realized the collective prestige of its guest list. The Blundys’ guests included novelist Mary Sheldrake and Francis’s editor and brother-in-law, Harry Kitchener. Critical interest in the dinner grew with speculation into the lost poem, which they saw as a glimpse into better times. This fostered scholarly debate, in which some argued that the Second Dinner’s prestige would never match that of the First. This conflict has helped to keep Blundy scholarship alive over the decades.
Following the champagne incident, Francis drafted a new poem and anticipated reading it for Vivien. Although he had been working on the corona for five months, he resolved to destroy all notes and drafts to ensure that Vivien’s gift was one-of-a-kind. He wrote the final draft on a vellum scroll and tied it with green silk, which he felt would add to the flourish of his reading later. Francis felt that he achieved the corona’s challenging form and considered the poem one of his best.
Thomas notes the dangerous tension between studying Francis’s life and his work, suggesting that the former distracts scholars from engaging with the latter.
Blundy scholars are inundated with an overabundance of records, thanks to the rise of digital correspondence and the data cloud during the Blundys’ lifetime. While there is a wealth of information on the Blundys’ shared life, very little is still known about them.
Thomas laments the loss of the world that the Blundys lived in. Even in spite of widespread industrialization, Thomas feels that their world was closer to Shakespeare’s world. Thomas’s world has been radically altered by humans’ destruction of the environment, which makes it impossible to recognize the world depicted in Shakespeare’s writing. Thomas suggests that as time goes on, it will become impossible to glean information about any writer who lived before digital technology.
Mary Sheldrake and her husband, Graham, arrived at the Barn for Vivien’s party in the late afternoon. On their way from London, the Sheldrakes fought over Graham’s admission that he had an affair that ended three months ago. Upon their arrival, Mary announced that their marriage was over, allowing her to continue engaging in her own discreet affair. However, not long after their arrival at the Barn, Graham discovered Mary’s affair after going through her phone messages.
Thomas points out that the Sheldrakes’ conflict is important only insofar as it informed their responses to Francis’s poem later that evening. He adds that Mary maintained her status as one of her generation’s most popular novelists, sometimes deriving her plots from Graham, whom she is assumed to have supported with her income.
While taking a shower, Francis considered the possibility of publishing “A Corona for Vivien,” though he worried this would diminish its value as a gift. He resolved that someone else would eventually uncover it and publish it on his behalf, bringing it to the wider reading public. Soon after greeting his next guests, Tony Spufford and John Bale, Francis placed the vellum scroll behind the mantel clock.
Over drinks, John shared anecdotes about his veterinary practice. The Kitcheners, Harry and his wife, Jane, who was also Francis’s sister, soon arrived. Harry was a poet who lived in Francis’s shadow; he championed Francis’s work and had agreed to write his biography.
As evening fell, Vivien went into the kitchen to prepare a salad. Jane and Mary set the table. Mary accidentally dropped a ceramic salad bowl, Jane’s wedding present to Vivien and Francis. Mary apologized profusely for her blunder. Vivien and Jane reassured her.
Thanks to his deep knowledge of the event, Thomas expresses intimacy with the Second Immortal Dinner’s attendees. He narrates how the last two dinner guests, Chris and Harriet Gage, were running late because they had to attend to their eight-month-old child, Todd, before turning him over to his babysitter. The dinner marked their first time away from Todd since his birth.
Drawing from Vivien’s journal, Thomas describes Chris as a college dropout who later worked as a men’s hairdresser and a builder. Harriet, his girlfriend from school, studied to become a profile writer and was eventually commissioned to write a piece on Francis for Vanity Fair. Harriet charmed her way into the Blundys’ inner circle, and the two couples became friends; Francis and Vivien were Todd’s godparents.
The Gages arrived at the Barn during Francis’s speech about climate change. Francis generally denied its existence, and though his friends disagreed with him, they thought it better to let him say his piece and then change the topic to avoid offending him. Francis argued that climate scientists skewed data to alarm people about a “non-existent crisis” and that the Earth would eventually regulate itself. Thomas references a related phenomenon in the 2030s called the Derangement, in which a series of catastrophic weather events underscored humanity’s indifference to global heating. After Francis’s speech, Vivien was embarrassed, both by her husband’s foolishness and their guests’ indulgence of him.
In the middle of Francis’s speech, an intoxicated Mary considered the possibility of having an open marriage with Graham. This would allow them to circumvent the inconveniences of a divorce while still allowing them to engage in their affairs. When she and Graham looked at each other again, she felt her love for him renewed. She then thought twice about the way he looked at her, embarrassed by her assumption that Graham felt exactly as she did. She reinterpreted his gaze as one of indifference and escaped to the kitchen to offer Vivien help.
McEwan begins the novel by putting the reader at an extreme distance from the central narrative. The narrative centers on the relationship between Francis and Vivien Blundy but employs a narrative conceit to avoid revealing the particulars of that relationship. This harkens to the title of the novel, which highlights the disparity between experience and knowledge. Through Thomas’s first-person point of view, the novel allows the reader access to his thoughts and feelings, such as the ones he expresses at the start of Chapter 5: “I could have been there. I am there. I know all that they knew—and more, for I know some of their secrets and their futures […]. That they are both vivid and absent is painful. They can move me and touch me, but I cannot touch them” (38). Passages like these also work to establish Thomas’s fixation on the past and the close connection he feels to it.
By contrast, everything Thomas conveys about the Blundys is qualified by the certification of collective knowledge, highlighted by how he frames that knowledge: “We know from Mary Sheldrake’s journal and from her correspondence…” (44). The purpose of this conceit is to defamiliarize the past timeline, which actually takes place in the same era during which What We Can Know was published. The Second Immortal Dinner takes place in 2014, putting it in the recent past, before the novel’s publication. However, the mythological reverence with which Thomas treats the event of the dinner and the lives of its attendees elevates their status. This is further reinforced by the moniker given to the dinner, a reference to an earlier historical event that involved such literary luminaries as John Keats and William Wordsworth. Through this distanced perspective, the novel establishes Francis as someone deserving of the same type of scholarly attention as Shakespeare.
The defamiliarization of the Blundys parallels the novel’s treatment of the world they live in, which is characterized by a growing concern about climate change. Francis is characterized as a climate change denier, but his arguments are instantly undermined by the depiction of the world that Thomas lives in. Thomas frequently references destructive events that have altered the landscape of Great Britain. When Francis makes his thoughts on the matter clear in Chapter 5, Thomas introduces the phenomenon of the Derangement, a catastrophe whose impact Francis fails to anticipate because of his own stubbornness. The novel views a contemporary writer like Francis from a distance, and it does the same thing with humanity’s indifference to the environmental disasters they cause through their carelessness. Thomas is already living in a world that has suffered devastation due to climate change, and the novel’s attention to humanity’s inability to preserve the world begins to establish one of the novel’s major themes, The Value of Failure.
Francis’s stubborn position on the environment is symptomatic of the flaws that animate his character, introducing the theme of Dispelling the Myth of the Great Artist. This quietly constitutes a significant part of Thomas’s scholarship, requiring him to study Francis’s body of work and meticulously trace every detail of the night in which “A Corona for Vivien” was read. While Thomas suggests in Chapter 2 that studying Francis’s life may distract him from the work of literary interpretation, he still appears interested in learning more about the poet himself. His most reliable sources on Francis are Vivien’s journals, which offer Thomas the closest possible glimpse into the subject of his study. Early on in the first chapter, the journals establish that the Blundys’ marriage was happy, yet Thomas keeps looking for signs of the hidden truth behind their relationship: “You might try to guess at the truncated final sentence […] as though it might swing open on its hinges to reveal a peephole through which you could see a disappointed heart, reduced by lost opportunities” (13). In place of the lost poem, Thomas probes into the relationship that inspired it, requiring him to become intimately knowledgeable with not one but two people. The narrative indicates that the tensions and incidents that affect Vivien over the course of her birthday will provide Thomas with long-overlooked clues, leading him closer to the truth behind his quest. Thomas’s quiet obsession with the person of Francis Blundy introduces the novel’s interest in the tension between an artist’s work and their personal life.



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