64 pages 2-hour read

What We Can Know

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2025

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Part 1, Chapters 6-10Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of sexual content, illness, and emotional abuse.

Part 1, Chapter 6 Summary

Thomas is a lecturer of English literature from 1990 to 2030 (“90-30” for short) at the University of the South Downs. Most students come to learn about recent pop culture but are surprised when they discover the relatability of the recent historical past. Those in Thomas’s seminar on Blundy and his peers are especially surprised by the higher quality of life during his time. One of their recurring discussion topics is the slow progress of English development over the past century, which requires them to study the abundance of cultural objects produced in this past period.


Thomas picks up his research by focusing on the Sheldrakes. His materials indicate that Mary’s assumptions about Graham’s feelings were right after all. They had passionate sex later that night. Over dinner, the party discussed the London Olympics, the Russian annexation of Crimea, and Julian Assange. The Gages stepped away to check in with the babysitter. Francis became nervous as the moment to read his poem approached, feeling the burden of what he believed was an important turning point in literary history.


Harry proposed a toast to Francis to introduce his new poem. Thomas notes that Harry was frequently unfaithful to Jane, though Jane took him back for their children’s sake. By this point in the evening, Harry had not yet told Francis that he would step away from writing his biography. Harry’s toast, given out of guilt, honored Francis in such hyperbolic terms that Francis interrupted him. Francis then retrieved the scroll and read his poem.

Part 1, Chapter 7 Summary

Thomas sails back home from the Bodleian, though the voyage is rough on the Irish Sea. He arrives late at Port Marlborough, which is full of people hoping to cross the Atlantic Ocean into war-torn America. As he returns to the South Downs campus, Thomas finds himself missing his colleague and former partner, Rose Church, with whom he lived for over a year. Thomas wishes to collaborate with Rose again but feels that the end of their romantic relationship strained their dynamic, although they remain close friends.


Thomas and Rose met when they were assigned to co-teach a course entitled “The Politics and Literature of the Inundation,” which covered the cultural consequences of the nuclear war that preceded the Derangement. They began the course by inviting earth sciences and politics specialists to talk about the Inundation’s background. This bored the students, so during their next seminar, Thomas and Rose gave a multimedia lecture on the Inundation’s history, treating the students as if they were children.


In the lecture, they talk about how Russia attempted to attack the United States with an intercontinental missile, but, because it exploded over the Atlantic Ocean, it caused devastating tsunamis that flooded Europe, West Africa, and the Eastern Seaboard. The flooding was exacerbated by increased rainfall, drowning several cities and collapsing the global economy. Nigeria emerged as a global power and the new base for the post-Inundation Internet. Amid the wars in Europe and the United States, world literature entered a renaissance.


Once again, the lecture had little impact on the students. Thomas and Rose resigned themselves to their defeat by drinking and becoming lovers.

Part 1, Chapter 8 Summary

The Blundy party was stunned silent by the reading of Francis’s new poem. Vivien thanked Francis for the gift. Harriet was moved to tears, prompting applause from the party. Harry refilled Francis’s glass, allowing Francis to propose a toast to Vivien. Harry followed this with another toast to Francis and the poem.


On their way home later, Harriet would explain to Chris that the poem moved her with its warmth, wisdom, and urgency toward death. Chris, on the other hand, would feel overwhelmed by the poem, as he often did with all high art. He would focus on Francis’s use of the word “proscenium,” reminding him of a theater building project he was working on.


Graham’s attention also wavered during Francis’s reading, preoccupied by his marriage and his affair. Once the reading ended, Graham felt the urge to offer a compliment, but he had missed too much of the poem to say anything substantial. He was relieved by Harriet’s applause.


Tony, a literary botanist, was surprised by Francis’s use of wildflowers, which he previously demonstrated indifference toward, in his poem. Tony tried to reconcile his knowledge of Francis with the persona his poem presented. This caused his contempt for Francis to grow, believing him to be either insincere or cynical toward nature.


Jane, embarrassed by her loud reaction to the salad bowl’s destruction, thought of her and Francis’s strict Anglican upbringing. Francis found it easy to shrug off religion, Jane less so. This drove her resentment toward her brother, who showed little evidence of Jane’s influence or importance in his life. She considered the salad bowl one of her best creations, something akin to his poem. After its destruction, she felt that they were once again imbalanced. Jane’s resentment caused her to lose focus on the poem. She chose not to drink when Harry proposed a toast to Francis.


John was distracted by the memory of a snake he recently treated for severe spinal injury. He had been resolved to euthanize it, but when the snake’s elderly owners express their faith in his veterinary skills, John dedicated himself to saving the snake’s life. The snake survived, but a month later, they agreed with John to release it into the wild. His peers at the dinner laughed at his anecdote about performing snake surgery, and it bothered him. For the remainder of the reading, his thoughts remained on the concern he shared with the elderly couple.


During the reading, Mary was struck by the insight that the novel was inferior to poetry. She thought of her own simplistic prose and experienced self-loathing in the shadow of Francis’s lyrical skill. The poem emboldened her to not only improve her craft but also to pursue change and freedom in her life.


Harry wanted to step away from writing Francis’s biography because he feared that Francis would be too controlling. Once the form of the poem became clear, Harry recognized it as a corona. Five days after the dinner, Harry wrote Francis an effusive letter about it, and the letter is the most detailed evidence of the poem’s content, referencing a couple who navigate a fragile natural world as they go for a swim in a river gorge. The couple marries in a church and then grows old together despite the world’s imminent end. That same day, Harry began an unfinished email draft with no indication of its addressee: “In love? We must be mad. But I don’t think we” (70).

Part 1, Chapter 9 Summary

Thomas laments the perennial crisis of the humanities, which is less a crisis of knowledge than one of thought. Advances in science have made it possible to know everything in the digital world, but only a fraction of scholars are concerned with how to use these advances to benefit human civilization.


Thomas recalls how the 90-30 program was founded with the intention of probing the reckless idealism that preceded the Inundation and the Derangement. He hoped that this would inspire students to embody the same idealism and break away from institutional structures. The 90-30 program became so popular that other universities introduced their own takes on the same period.


Thomas intended to write a book about the period, imagining himself as Blundy’s contemporary and carrying a record of the era to the present moment. The challenge was to fill in the historical records’ gaps. Thomas was encouraged by a colleague to use the marriage of literature and history to suggest possible facts about the inner lives of his subjects. He was soon discouraged by Rose, who made him feel guilty about inventing history.

Part 1, Chapter 10 Summary

The day after her birthday dinner, Vivien wrote about the reading in her journal. She suggested that she was content to live life with Francis, but she noted the inconsistency between the poem’s voice and Francis’s true character. None of the activities he wrote about were things that he enjoyed in real life, such as walking in nature. Similarly, Francis despised religion but wrote about marrying in church.


By contrast, Vivien’s first husband, Percy, regularly went on long walks with her. Percy was a reputable violin maker. Four years into their marriage, he began to experience memory lapses that constituted the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. As Percy started to experience more severe symptoms, Vivien took leave from teaching to look after him. In an email to her sister, Rachel, Vivien noted that she loved him too much to put him in a care facility. When Rachel started visiting to help look after Percy, Vivien would go for walks, during which she would be struck with relief and a sense of freedom.


Before he experienced Alzheimer’s, Percy apprenticed Rachel’s son, Peter, enlisting his help in the construction of new violins. Though Rachel limited Peter’s visits later on, Peter remained close to Percy, as evidenced by their transcribed conversations Vivien recorded in her journal.


Thomas interjects that Rose is the only other person he knows who has closely studied Vivien’s journals. She often challenges his tendency to make educated guesses about details that were never explicitly recorded, such as the meal Vivien prepared for her birthday dinner.


One afternoon, while Rachel and Peter were looking after Percy, Vivien went to see Francis Blundy give a poetry reading at the Sheldonian Theatre. The reading featured a conversation with Professor Harold Kitchener. Vivien was not initially a fan of Blundy’s work but became interested in his style and several of his poems. Following Kitchener’s introduction, Blundy began his reading with “In the Saddle,” a poem popular among teenage schoolgirls.


The experience of the event reminded Vivien of the life she left behind to look after Percy. She resolved to attend the reception afterward so that she could speak to Francis. Historical records imply that they spent the night together, after which they mutually expressed the desire to see each other again. Over the next month, Vivien became increasingly impatient with Percy, at one point locking him in the house so she could visit a care facility, but its poor condition firmed her resolve to continue looking after Percy herself.


Thomas notes that little is actually known about the “Cotswold tryst,” an event in which Vivien brought Percy to a temporary care facility, met with Francis, and spent five days with him in the Cotswolds. Afterward, Francis wrote a celebrated series of love poems while Vivien’s home life worsened.

Part 1, Chapters 6-10 Analysis

In these chapters, the novel builds more of the future world that Thomas inhabits, exposing details like the Inundation and its relation to the Derangement that was previously discussed in Chapter 5. This world-building deepens the context and characterization of Thomas, whose academic pursuits are a reaction to the times he lives in. Crucially, Chapter 9 reveals that Thomas’s interest in the 90-30 period is tied to the recklessness of the era. As a young man, Thomas admires Blundy and his peers because he resonates with their youthful abandon. In the future, recklessness continues to exist, but it is actively contributing to the crisis in the humanities. Thomas struggles to restore the spirit of Francis Blundy’s time while also fighting for the interest of his students, who believe that there is nothing to be gleaned from the “distant” past. Underscoring this irony is the idea that Francis’s sociocultural attitudes made him and his generation complicit in the Inundation and the Derangement. Although the previous chapters revealed that Francis was alone in his dissent against climate change, he remains the sole figure whose relevance towers over the rest. The reputation of his work carries with it the ideals and values that he stood for, including the denial of climate change. The awareness of Francis’s flawed thinking and its disastrous effects drives the novel’s exploration of Dispelling the Myth of the Great Artist.


Thomas finds a contrast in Rose, who, although only represented in the narrative by Thomas’s anecdotes, tempers his recklessness by reminding him to stay committed to a sense of truth. Truth, as Rose champions it, means a commitment to the historical record and a warning against the idealism through which Thomas views the past. In Chapter 10, Rose warns Thomas against inventing too much to account for the gaps in the historical record, effectively grounding him in the reality of the present by reminding him that their examination of the past is meant to explain the present, not serve as an escape from their ruined times.


McEwan underscores this idea by undermining the pinnacle moment of Francis’s poetry reading at the Second Immortal Dinner. Without the poem to speak for itself, Thomas must turn to the reactions of the poem’s first audience, all of whom are preoccupied with one thought or another. Ironically, none of the guests can faithfully recreate the content of the poem, save for Harry, whose hyperbolic praise of Francis masks a deeper insecurity. He, too, is hiding something, as hinted by the email draft that ends Chapter 8, though the narrative will not reveal its connection to his envy of Francis until the second part of the novel.


After Harry, Vivien’s reaction stands out, pointing to the disparity between Francis’s self-presentation in the poem and her knowledge of him outside the page. If “A Corona for Vivien” was written to stand as a record of Francis’s devotion to Vivien, it is a poor representation of their relationship. It is telling that the novel flashes back to the start of their relationship, which emerges amid the collapse of her first marriage to Percy. Because the poem better represents Vivien’s relationship to Percy than to Francis, the poem itself can be read as having an ulterior motive, suggesting that Francis may not have written the poem as an ode to the love between her and himself but between her and Percy. This injects new intrigue into their dynamic, inviting the extended flashback that the narrative takes into Vivien and Percy’s relationship. As the novel continues, it will continue to reveal why Percy, long since gone, might retain such a strong presence in the Blundys’ marriage.

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