66 pages • 2-hour read
Gina WilkinsonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Tom and Ally walk down the street with vendors waving and inviting them in as they go. Tom scolds Ally for investigating the hospital, but Ally insists that she did not give Mrs. al-Deeb any cause for suspicion. Ally laments that she did not know her mother better and feels that she is becoming closer to her in Baghdad. Ally sees a sculpture in a shop window, and the initials on the sculpture match those on the back of her mother’s photo. The shopkeeper tells Ally that the artist is Miriam Pachachi, and Ally hides this information from her husband.
Huda picks Ally up, and Ally wants to go the Rashid Hotel, which the women know is filled with spies and informants for the regime. Ally is going to see a friend of hers from her time at the Canberra Herald, though she tells Huda that he is just an old friend. Ally also tells Huda that her mother used to dance there. She also tells Huda that she and Tom looked at paintings at Rania’s the previous night, and Huda warns Ally to be careful around Rania and the people at her gallery. Ally tries to ask more about them, but Huda does not respond. The two arrive at the Rashid Hotel, and a guard approaches their vehicle. Ally tells the guard that she is there to see a guest of the hotel, but the guard is confused until Ally tells him that she is a diplomat.
Ally and Huda walk into the hotel and note the magnificent chandeliers, which Rania described to Huda 20 years prior. Men in the lobby call Ally russee, meaning Russian, to imply that she is a prostitute. The concierge asks them to sign the guest register when Ally’s friend comes out of the elevator.
Huda stays behind to complete the guest register, but she is violently detained by two men from the mukhabarat. They toss her into an interrogation room and demand to know who she is and why she is there with a foreigner. Although Huda tells them the truth, they do not believe her, and she directs them to call Abu Issa for confirmation. They cannot get ahold of Abu Issa, but Ally is upset that Huda is missing, so they send Huda back to the lobby, instructing her to smile and say that everything is fine.
Huda takes Abdul Amir and Khalid out for ice cream, but Abdul Amir goes off to smoke nargileh with some other men, and Khalid abandons Huda to go pray at the mosque. Abu Issa arrives and asks Huda about the Rashid Hotel incident, and Huda tells him that Ally went there to see a guest named Peter, but she doesn’t know what they did or discussed, and her lack of information upsets Abu Issa. Abu Issa tells Huda that Abdul Amir is talking with his partner and suggests that Khalid join the Lion Cubs, which is an intense boot camp that prepares boys to enter the fedayeen, a death squad under Saddam’s control.
Huda meets with Abdul Amir, who has a large amount of money, fancy pastries, and beer from Holland, all of which came from giving the mukhabarat information on Ally. The information is not actually valuable, but Abdul Amir encourages Huda to lie to the mukhabarat since they just want information of any kind. Huda wants to get Khalid out of the country, but Abdul Amir would prefer that he join the fedayeen, blaming the West for both his own problems and those of Iraq. Abdul Amir tells Huda that Abu Issa’s threats were not real. He then mentions Huda’s brothers, Mustafa and Ali, reminding her that they died in a rebellion against the government and insisting that resistance is pointless.
Huda goes to see Rania and asks her to get Khalid a passport. Rania used to be involved in the resistance movement, but at the point when Huda’s brothers were killed, Rania was able to retreat to her father, the sheikh, and escape punishment. Rania insists that she no longer has ties to the opposition, but Huda threatens to tell Abu Issa that Rania is actively involved in resistance unless she helps Khalid.
Tensions come to a head as Ally is forced to justify her investigative actions to Tom and Huda is cornered by the mukhabarat. The discovery of Miriam Pachachi’s sculpture, which is tied to Ally’s photo of her mother, is overshadowed by the fact that Ally cannot talk to anyone about the discovery. Ally’s ignorance of the deeper political repercussions of specific actions causes problems when she insists upon visiting the Rashid Hotel despite the dangers involved in going to a place with a reputation for harboring spies and political intrigues. Due to her recklessness, Huda is threatened and harassed by the mukhabarat, despite acting directly under the organization’s orders by spying on Ally’s activities. When the mukhabarat instruct Huda to pretend that everything is fine, the order reflects the internal commands that both women have been giving to themselves in the situation; Ally is pretending that she is not desperate for more information on her mother, and Huda is pretending that she is not desperate for more information on Ally. In this way, the fear that permeates Iraqi society compels the women to tell stories even to themselves in their desperate attempts to survive the oppressive forces that have ensnared them.
At the same time, the mukhabarat acquiesce to Ally’s demands as they balance the line between oppressing their own people and maintaining foreign relations. The mukhabarat’s need to detain and hurt Huda to show the organization’s willingness for violence if she does not comply, but they also need to create the illusion of nonviolence to avoid potential foreign intervention. Part of the contempt for Ally, such as the derogatory name russee, reflects the need for foreign aid and avoidance of foreign sanctions combined with a hatred for Iraqi dependence on European countries and the United States. In this situation, Ally is a representation of entities like the United Nations, which watch for human rights violations around the world. The mukhabarat cannot openly abuse their citizens while under such scrutiny, but the restrictions placed on them by foreign countries stimulate a need for violent outlets.
The irony of the interrogation comes from Huda’s admission to working with Abu Issa and the mukhabarat, as well as the fact that Huda is being attacked by the same group that essentially sent her to the hotel. On one hand, Huda is more free to speak openly in the interrogation room than when she is in the car with Ally, since, in this room, she is free to tell the truth about herself and her current situation. On the other hand, Huda must also navigate the threats of physical violence, detention, or death implicit in the unwanted attentions of the mukhabarat. This dual irony reveals the paradox of life in Iraq, in which citizens are both most and least free when they are in the direct clutches of government agents. In this situation, the carrot-and-stick comparison takes on a new depth in the extremes of the rewards and consequences involved. Huda can potentially earn a lot of money by working with the mukhabarat, and the mukhabarat themselves enjoy a great deal of freedom, but at the same time, both informants and agents alike are perpetually at risk of imprisonment or death if their actions are perceived to indicate disloyalty to the regime. In this way, Wilkinson continues to explore Different Forms of Loyalty and Betrayal.
It is also important that the mukhabarat are revealed to be a decentralized institution, in which no two members of the mukhabarat can be guaranteed to have access to the same essential information or have the ability to communicate with one another on key issues. Although the men who detain Huda work for the same organization as Abu Issa and even know his name, they do not have the same information. This decentralization means that no two encounters with the mukhabarat are likely to play out the same way, increasing the danger of any involvement with them.
Crucially, Huda needs to call on Abu Issa while she is in the interrogation room, since, ironically, he is the only man able to protect her. In theory, Huda’s involvement with the mukhabarat should offer her some protection against wanton violence, but just like her husband, Abu Issa is absent in her time of need. This critical absence of a protective male presence serves as the culmination of an ongoing theme in this chapter. Earlier examples of this pattern include Abdul Amir and Khalid’s behavior at the ice cream parlor, for they both abandon Huda in her attempt to bring the family together, emphasizing their detachment from her and from each other. This abandonment likewise leaves Huda vulnerable to another approach from Abu Issa, in which he mixes the carrot and stick in the form of the offer to recruit Khalid to the Lions Club, further endangering the safety of Huda’s family. While joining the Lions Club would be a conceptual favor for Khalid that would offer him a prestigious position in the military, the brutality of the Club and of the fedayeen death squad poison that prestige with trauma. Importantly, Abdul Amir also displays his detachment from his family and from reality when he notes that joining the fedayeen is preferable to abandoning Iraq, and his attitude reveals another element of male negligence in the form of nationalistic pride.
As Huda requests aid from Rania, the danger transfers from the threats against Huda to the threats against Rania. The source of the divide between the two women is partially revealed as Huda points out that Rania could have potentially saved Mustafa and Ali from execution. In essence, Huda is asking Rania to make up for the deaths of Huda’s brothers by saving her son, but the actual content of that request reverses the power dynamic between the two women. While Rania formerly held the power to save Huda’s brothers, Huda now holds the power to harm Rania and her family. By wielding that power, Huda becomes the same type of person that she hates Rania for being in the past and succumbs to the temptation to use Fear as a Tool of Repression and Manipulation.



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