59 pages 1-hour read

Where the Lost Wander

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2020

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Chapters 4-7Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4 Summary: “Cholera”

Chapter 4 begins in Naomi’s perspective. Naomi confesses to Ma that she has wanted John Lowry ever since she first saw him, and that she let him know. Ma replies that she knows both these things. She has dreamed about John and tells Naomi she’ll have to be patient if she wants to catch him. In her dream, a white bird flies out of the water and sprouts the body of a man and the face of John Lowry; its wings are a feathered headdress. The man walks on water until he reaches the shore, like Jesus.


The point of view then switches to John. As the wagon train moves on toward Fort Kearny, John rides up to Naomi, who is sketching while riding the mule. She shares her notebook with him, asking him not to be afraid of her. Her drawings of landscapes along the trail and faces, including John’s, stun him. He tells her she is very skilled and rides away.


That night, Webb tells John that Ma is having her baby, and soon they hear it crying. William May announces that it is a boy. John tells Naomi that a fifth person in the group has died of cholera and that they must move on the next day. They walk for a short while and John mentions that the baby’s cry reminds him of a wolf pup. Naomi, tasked with finding another name beginning with W to go with her other brothers’ names, decides the baby will be named Wolfe after her grandmother.


Naomi’s point of view resumes. As the wagon train continues on, several more people die of cholera, causing one bereaved family to turn back for Missouri. Abigail, Naomi’s pregnant sister-in-law, sickens and dies in the span of a day. They bury her and journey on. Naomi’s widowed brother, Warren, grows ill as well but survives. Pa suggests following John back to Missouri, but Ma says their future lies in California.


They reach Fort Kearny on the Platte River eight days later. The fort is dusty and not very well-fortified. That night, a group of Pawnee women, children, and men from the nearby village stagger into the camp, wailing. They have been attacked by a band of Sioux who took their animals and burned some of their lodges. Naomi recalls seeing a similar sight while the Mays traveled to St. Joseph: A band of Omaha people had also been attacked by the Sioux.


The next morning, Naomi builds a fire outside the circle of the wagon train. When John arrives, she gives him a cup of coffee, and he tells her that Abbott wants him to travel on with the train and that he has accepted the job. He will take half his mules on to Fort Bridger and is thinking of starting his own breeding farm in California, news that makes Naomi’s heart skip. He likes mules because, in addition to being strong, smart, and stubborn, they are “the best parts of a horse and donkey rolled into one” (75).


Naomi asks if John has a partner, and he counters by asking if she is looking for another husband. She tells him she wasn’t until she met him, and that she thinks he is probably like the mules—she will have to work for his attention. He laughs and says she has his attention but he isn’t sure she wants it, to which Naomi replies that she knows her own mind. John says they will proceed like the turtle, and she agrees.

Chapter 5 Summary: “The Platte”

Chapter 5 begins in John’s point of view. At Fort Kearny he goes to see Captain Dempsey, nervous because he isn’t going to deliver all his mules to the fort as he had promised. Dempsey tells him that Charlie—the Pawnee boy with whom John has left his horse, Dame—has been anxiously awaiting John’s arrival. John then tells Dempsey he will sell him five mules and a jack donkey. He will take the rest of the mules on to California.


Dempsey says the army needs mules, not donkeys, and counters by asking John to make up the difference by convincing the Pawnee villagers to move north of the Platte. This way, the fort won’t be caught in the Sioux-Pawnee war. John knows this will put the Pawnee farther into Sioux territory, endangering them. He says the army “ordered” the mules but has not actually purchased them. Dempsey replies that he needs John’s language skills and asks him to take one afternoon to speak with the Pawnee villagers, and John agrees. The captain will send flour and corn to the Pawnee as well, with the promise of more.


Charlie takes off running, leading John to the village. When they are almost there, John offers a switch: He will run, and the boy will ride Dame. Charlie agrees. The village is nearly deserted, its warriors gone off to fight the Sioux and recover their horses and cattle. Only the women, children, and the village’s three elders remain.


John delivers Dempsey’s message, and when the old men ask if Dempsey speaks for all the white settlers or for the Sioux or the Cheyenne, John tells them no. They then ask if he thinks they should move. John doesn’t answer directly. He asks for their reply, and they say they understand their enemies but not the white settlers. They will not leave.


As the load of flour and corn arrives, women unload it and call John “half man.” Charlie bids him farewell and says he hopes John finds his way, making John wonder if “perhaps he wasn’t talking about returning to the fort” (86).


Back at the fort, John gives Dempsey the Pawnees’ answer and writes letters to his father and Jennie. He tells his father about his decision to go on to California and Jennie, that her brother is well. He also tells her the government is giving away land in Oregon and perhaps he will settle there. He wonders if they’ll give the full 320 acres to “an Indian.”


After musing about how, like a mule that can’t reproduce, he doesn’t need to belong, he closes by repeating Jennie’s words, that love is “the only thing worth the suffering” (87). He knows Jennie will understand that he has met someone with whom he cannot part. He reflects that he is falling in love with Naomi.


The point of view switches to Naomi as Abbott tells the group they must cross to the north side of the mile-wide Platte, where there is less sickness. The train has lost 10 wagons and 50 people. The crossing will be difficult, as the bottom is quicksand and the water can swell suddenly with runoff.


Mr. Caldwell learns that John is continuing on with the group and warns Naomi about being dragged off by the “half-breed.” She retorts that if this happened—which it won’t—she would go along with him.


When the May wagon is halfway across the river, it lists to one side and water enters the wagon bed. Naomi jumps into the water to help Wyatt. John picks her up and puts her on his horse, a moment she savors.

Chapter 6 Summary: “Elm Creek”

Chapter 6 begins in John’s point of view. It takes all day to cross all the wagons, and some families have lost their supplies to the water. That night, there is a bad storm and one family loses their buggy. John is so ill with cholera he wishes he had said good-bye to his father and told Naomi he loves her. She enters his tent to give him medicine and stays until he is better. He tells her she is beautiful, and she falls asleep by his side. When John awakes, Naomi is gone. Webb tells him several wagons have remained behind, including the Mays’.


The point of view shifts to Naomi and goes back in time by about a day. Daniel’s sister, Lucy, dies and is buried. Naomi refuses to die, hoarding her strength for life, not death. She thinks that if all she has is her will, then she “must use it well” (87). She tends to John, then appoints Webb to watch over John and let her know when he wakes up.


Abbott is assessing which families can move on. Mrs. Caldwell, Naomi’s mother-in-law, has given up and lies crying in their wagon; her husband blames Naomi for forgetting Daniel so quickly. Naomi sees John, now somewhat recovered, and says he will ride in Warren’s wagon. When he goes to tend to his livestock—now seven mules, one jack donkey, and Dame, his horse—they are all missing. Naomi suspects Caldwell of setting them loose. John borrows a mule called Tumble from William May to search for them with Wyatt’s help. Wyatt rides Trick, another of the May mules.

Chapter 7 Summary: “The North Side”

Chapter 7 opens in John’s point of view as he and Wyatt search for John’s animals. Like Naomi, John suspects Mr. Caldwell of setting them free. John falls asleep, and when he wakes up the boy Charlie is there with Dame and the donkey. The two animals had returned to the fort, and Dempsey ordered Charlie to catch up with the train and give them back to John.


Riding one mule and leading another, Wyatt appears, pursued by Pawnee warriors. Charlie tells them that John is a friend. Wyatt says the Pawnee have John’s mules.


Charlie and the warriors approach, and Charlie introduces John and his uncle, Chief Dog Tooth. John says he is Pawnee but has no village, only his mules. One of the Pawnee men claims the mules are his, so John shows them his brand on the animals and says it will not go well with Dempsey if the men take them. He offers them one mule as a gift for finding the animals. Dog Tooth demands one of John’s mules and one of the Mays’. John counters with one mule and Dame, who is carrying a mule foal. Dog Tooth agrees.


The perspective switches to Naomi as the family stops to make camp near a creek. Naomi makes stew and takes some to the Caldwells, at Ma’s request. The sons eat hungrily, but Mr. Caldwell refuses. Elmeda allows Naomi to feed her and brush her hair. Naomi then gives her a picture she drew of Lucy.


At breakfast the next morning, John and Wyatt appear with the remnant of John’s animals. Naomi helps John to eat as he rides in Warren’s wagon for the next two days. John tells her the “problem” with her drawings is that none are of herself. She draws a picture of herself on the day she met him and leaves it for him to find.

Chapters 4-7 Analysis

This section continues to develop The Power of Love through the deepening connections between John and Naomi. Winifred May is one of two characters in the novel who experiences visions, and the dream she relates to Naomi foreshadows how John and Naomi will ultimately end up together. Her dream of John as a Jesus-like man who walks on water is also one of her premonitions of her coming death. She will sink, but John, who has, she says, “come to help us” (61), will save the family by rescuing her remaining children after she is murdered. Similarly, Naomi’s thoughts about hoarding her strength for life, rather than “spend[ing] it on death” (87), foreshadow the ordeal of her kidnapping and plant the suggestion that her strength and love for John will allow her to survive.


The rapid deaths of minor characters Abigail and Lucy from cholera, and John’s severe sickness from the disease, are an accurate reflection of the terrible toll that the illness took on the west-bound travelers. Cholera is a water- and food-borne bacterial infection that causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. Its cause and treatment were unknown to the travelers, who routinely drank from infected water sources along the trail. 


John also continues to wrestle with The Complexities of Cultural Identity in this section as he interacts both with white settlers and his own tribe of the Pawnee. In particular, John finds himself having to engage in linguistic and cultural code-switching, caught between the two sides of his identity. When he negotiates with Captain Dempsey, who isn’t getting the number of mules he was promised, he tries to model his father’s behavior by parsing the words of their contract, pointing out that the army “ordered” 10 Lowry mules but did not “purchase” them. When he speaks to the Pawnees on Dempsey’s behalf, however, he does no more than convey the message, refusing to be drawn into their dialogue because he can’t bear to try to convince the Pawnee of something he doesn’t believe in himself. Similarly, he concedes his beloved horse, Dame, as a “gift” to the Pawnee band who has claimed his runaway mules to allow them to save face in returning the animals.


Mules symbolize the idea of cultural blending that John Lowry wrestles with as a mixture of two different types of animals. At the same time, as he tells Naomi in Chapter 4, mules are strong, smart, and stubborn, with both Naomi’s and John’s affection for the animals showing that they recognize the strengths and uniqueness that hybridity can create. The mules thus symbolize the fact that, although John has previously said that “some cultures do not mix” (59), they can and do mix, and this is a good thing. 


John is also gradually starting to change his perceptions of The Nature of Home and Belonging. At this point in the story, John lacks introspection and cannot see that he is growing into an embrace of his heritage, although his actions demonstrate this personal evolution. In fact, later in Chapter 5, he expresses the thought that because his parents didn’t belong together, he himself doesn’t need to belong anywhere. His sense of belonging will change only gradually, through his growing relationship with the accepting, free-spirited Naomi.


The novel’s portrayal of Indigenous characters continues to be one-sided in this section of the book. Indigenous characters are depicted as untrustworthy and prone to trying to take advantage of others: Just as the Kanzas ferrymen appeared as threatening in their behavior toward the white settlers in Chapter 3, the Pawnee in Chapter 7 behave in an aggressive and dishonest manner in claiming John’s runaway animals as their own. Furthermore, this section places great emphasis on the idea that the greatest threat Indigenous people face is from one another, not from white settlers: The Pawnee complain of attacks by the Sioux and prepare for war with them, while Naomi recalls hearing of a Sioux attack on a band of Omaha people in St. Joseph. The narrative thus evades addressing the systematic violence of the American government and the white settlers against the Indigenous peoples by choosing to emphasize internal violence instead, reinforcing the colonialist stereotype of the Indigenous peoples as violent and threatening while depicting the white settlers as peaceable.

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