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Megan MirandaA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide contains depictions of death, violence, harassment, and bullying.
The howling symbolizes a relentless menace. Dictionaries generally define “howling” or “howl” as a mournful, extensive cry, and the disquieting meaning matches the predatory game. About the rules that govern the tradition, Beckett says, “Don’t get caught by the seniors in masks. Don’t be last. Don’t be scared. Don’t cry for help. Don’t, don’t, don’t” (40). The repetition of “don’t” indicates negative outcomes only; the students don’t gain anything great from participating. If the students make it to the old president’s house, what awaits them is “warm beer and the type of liquor designed only to burn your throat going down. A celebration, for those who made it” (41). The term “celebration” is ironic. The crude alcohol doesn’t count as a worthwhile reward; rather, it reinforces the toxic, harsh dynamic among the students, and between the students and locals. The students try to scare each other, and the locals try to scare all of the students. The hollowing permits young people to engage in gamified bullying.
After the deaths of Micah and Charlie, the school forbids the howling, but the red mask in the quarry tells Beckett that “the tradition, banned or not, was still here” (153). The howling is incessant due to its rules and fundamental longevity. Neither the game nor the baleful atmosphere that it represents vanishes. Twenty years ago, it hurt Beckett and forever changed the trajectory of her life; now, the game hurts Delilah, and it provides the context for Adalyn’s death. The howling hasn’t quieted.
The tunnels represent power. Due to Hal, Beckett has access to the tunnels, which gives her an advantage over the other students. Specifically, this is a privilege afforded to her by her parents’ roles at the university, positions that offer her a freedom from consequences that other, more working-class members of the community don’t have. This is an advantage that Adalyn, another upper-class student, is happy to utilize.
For their senior year howling, Beckett and Adalyn intend to use the tunnels as a shortcut to the old president’s house where they’ll “defend the perimeter” and catch plenty of underclassmen who are under the impression that they’re about to reach home base safely. They also use the power to punish Micah and Charlie, though Beckett doesn’t want her power to lead to harm. When she doesn’t want to follow through with the plan, Adalyn replies, “I think that they should be scared of us” (409). Beckett and Adalyn are foils, so Adalyn has no reservations about harnessing the tunnels to hurt Charlie and Micah. She wants to make them pay. Considering she specifically called them “trash” when graffitiing their truck, it's implied that there is a degree of classism in her actions.
As Violet and Beckett face-off in the tunnels, the tunnels continue to symbolize power—only now, the women are equals in both motivation and socio-economic status, thanks to Violet’s current husband. This differs from when she was the partner of Charlie.
For most of the story, Beckett is unsure who targets her and Delilah. The lack of certainty makes her keenly aware of various unexplained noises, which symbolize the unknown threat that she tries to stop. In the attic, Beckett hears a “sound from somewhere below. A creaking door. The thud of it latching shut” (188). She then hears footsteps, but she knows “by heart” how Delilah moves, and the person in the house doesn’t move like Delilah. Unable to identify the sounds, they become representative of her precarity. They symbolize the person or people bullying her and her daughter. As the enigmatic sounds freely enter and exit the home, the parents’ house isn’t a safe space.
Delilah, too, hears unknown noises that drive home this symbolism. Delilah tells Beckett what happened when she went to the quarry: “I heard someone else there. I called out to them for help, but they didn’t answer. They kept coming closer, but they wouldn’t say anything. I started backing away, but they were still coming. So I ran” (473). As the “someone” remains a mystery, Delilah can’t dismiss the sounds. They represent a risk, so she runs away. As the noises follow Delilah outside, the implication is that the entire area is unsafe for Delilah and Beckett.
The central noise is the dropped phone call from Delilah in Chapter 7. At first, Beckett labels the noise “static.” She then corrects herself, “No, not static—a whistle. I recognized it immediately—the wind funneling through the valley” (110). As Beckett identifies the howling wind, the sound isn’t an unknown threat; however, as the howling represents a menace, she has a reason to worry about Delilah’s safety.



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