After

Compare and contrast Hardin’s character with Noah’s. How does Todd characterize each man from Tessa’s point of view? 

The novel contains descriptions of several sexual encounters between Tessa and Hardin. What does their sexual relationship reveal about them? How does Todd portray sex in the novel?

Several patterns repeat throughout the plot events as Tessa and Hardin fight, make up, and have sex in an almost cyclical fashion. How does this pattern function in the novel? What does it reveal about Tessa and Hardin’s relationship?

Who or what is the antagonist in the novel? Explain using support from the novel.

Todd wrote After as a fan-fiction novel, typecasting Hardin as Harry Styles from the band One Direction, and Tessa as herself. How does this background information affect your perspective of the novel and your interpretation of the story?

How does Todd use the motif of appearance to enhance characterization, particularly contrasts between characters?

How do secrets contribute to the rising action and suspense of the novel? The story concludes with a shocking secret coming to light. Using support from throughout the novel, explain whether Hardin’s relationship with Tessa was genuine or not.

One of the major themes highlighted in this guide is that one’s friends influence one’s decisions and identity. Explore this theme through the lens of Hardin’s character. What changes occur within Hardin over the course of the novel? How do these changes show that the company one keeps influences one’s identity?