46 pages • 1-hour read
Kwame MbaliaA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death.
The purpose of Black Boy Joy is to communicate the many joys of growing up Black and to combat the negativity that often permeates media representations of Black people. Before he ever meets Gary the Griot, Fort is told to find his joy, which will be his “night-light” in the dark. This becomes his task and the task of the work itself: to collect stories of joy and share them with those who need it most. The authors in the collection portray Black families as joyful, kind, and family oriented, suggesting to Black readers that they need not live according to stereotypes or wider societal expectations.
Many of the stories, including Fort’s, begin with a moment of sadness or grief, which is then contrasted by a moment of pure joy. Each character in the collection finds joy in their own way, in their own time. The joys in the collection take a wide variety of forms, from big adventures to small moments shared with loved ones or simple acts of self-expression. For example, Jevon looks for joy in those closest to him, while Dylan finds it in remaining connected to the past. Wes finds joy in listening to Grandpa’s stories, while Des finds it in dancing without worrying about how others see him, and Malcolm finds it in sharing themselves with others.
While collecting joy in the In Between, Fort learns that joy is a “four-sided coin” that goes alongside emotions like fear, anger, and sadness. Fort finds this confusing at first but soon realizes that these other “negative” emotions are needed to develop a true appreciation for the joyous moments that life has to offer. While Fort lost his aunt Netta, he is about to gain a new sibling and take on a role that requires a great deal of responsibility. Fort learns to find joy in change and in the knowledge that things find a way to carry on. He also discovers that there is joy in simply sharing joy with others, which is further emphasized in “Embracing My Black Boy Joy” when Craft writes, “Most of all, I hope we can share our joy with everyone we love” (285). Here, the author overtly states his purpose of spreading joy between Black communities.
Together, the stories in the collection suggest that family and friends are the pillars that support young people as they grow up, face challenges, and discover who they are. Many of the stories in the collection emphasize the importance of family and friends, particularly through experiences of grief or major change. The collection opens as Fort runs from the church, teary-eyed after the death of Aunt Netta. Immediately, Mbalia demonstrates that the stories he has collected will show that family is an essential aspect of Black boy joy, as family members help the stories’ protagonists remember where to find joy when it feels lost.
Stories of grief are scattered throughout the collection, and in each instance, Black boys find their strength through the love and support of family. This theme is directly stated in “The McCoy Game” when Big Mac urges his grandsons to stay close to one another throughout life: “As long as you two stick together, my memory will live on through you and I’ll never truly be gone” (55). Many of the stories in the collection reinforce this sentiment. For example, Dylan goes through the experience of grief after his mother’s passing, and it is his big sister who helps him through such a difficult time. He comes through his grief with the knowledge that he can stay connected to his mother both through his sister and through himself. Brandon and Mikkel write a song to revive their congregation after a series of deaths in the community have left them in a state of despair. They find that by relying on one another, as well as on the community around them, they can find the strength to overcome any challenge.
Family and friends also help the young protagonists in the collection discover their purpose and connect to their heritage. For example, Jevon and his father have experienced a rift in their bond since Jevon came out, but they soon mend it through open and honest communication. Malcolm goes through a similar experience, and when they come out as nonbinary, the support and acceptance of loved ones means more than anything. Like Jevon, Rodney deeply admires his father and hopes to live up to his name as a hero who races to save the galaxy. For Wes, his grandfather is his own personal Superman, and he dreams about being as brave and interesting as him someday. It takes time for Des to discover that there is something to admire in his own father, but once he does, he cannot wait to share that with him.
Black Boy Joy explores the connection between family, friends, and joy, suggesting that these relationships are essential for happiness. Black families and communities, these stories suggest, have strength that stems from their unity. As the narrator of “But Also, Jazz” notes, “Our people with palms the color of elm and oak and not an ounce of ash, waving back at Brandon; our people, a whole forest that loves him back” (237). Though the Black community has undergone immense challenges and continues to face systemic and social oppression today, they can find joy in the fact that they do not have to face these problems alone.
Black Boy Joy is a literary representation of a movement that aims to change media representations of Black people into something positive. Throughout the collection, characters discover the power of positive representation in a variety of forms, including in the media, themselves, and their lives. The collection itself is also a vessel for positive representation because it showcases Black boys and their families enjoying life and one another and emphasizes the small, easily accessible things that make life wonderful. For example, in “There’s Going to Be a Fight in the Cafeteria on Friday and You Better Not Bring Batman,” Cornell discovers through talking to his family that heroes come in an endless variety of forms. Although each type of hero is different, they all represent something wonderful and empowering about Blackness. Other characters find their heroes in their family members. Wes considers his military pilot grandfather to be a hero, while Jevon deeply admires his grandmother and father and hopes to make them proud. The narrator in “First Day Fly” finds a role model in his older brother, and receiving his hand-me-down jeans is his secret weapon for feeling confident and looking cool on the first day of school. Rodney discovers that his father is worth admiring, and Des realizes that his father, despite his age, can still be cool. Like Des’s discovery, Percival concludes that his heritage is something to be proud of, rather than something to hide. Simple depictions of families working together, loving one another, and helping each other through difficult times further add to the collection’s goal of creating positive representation.
Despite its title, however, Black Boy Joy does not limit its exploration of positive representation to Blackness but also considers representations of gender and sexuality within the Black community. Several of the stories contain LGBTQ+ characters, many of whom deal with the challenge of coming out and feeling accepted by those they love. For example, Jevon does not know how his father feels about his gayness until they finally talk. Similarly, Malcolm hopes to come out as nonbinary and does not know how their father will react. By ending these stories with moments of openness, compassion, and understanding, the collection emphasizes the need for people of all genders and sexualities to feel accepted. It also reduces shame and stigma by providing positive representations of LGBTQ+ characters being loved and accepted by their families and broader communities.



Unlock every key theme and why it matters
Get in-depth breakdowns of the book’s main ideas and how they connect and evolve.