African American Literature

Navigate the rich and diverse history of African American literature, from memoirs and poetry to science fiction. The titles in this study guide collection span a wide range of time periods, including the post-slavery era, the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, the Civil Rights Movement, the Black Arts Movement, and the 21st century. Read on to discover insights and analysis on some of the most important works of African American literature, such as The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Du Bois, A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, and Kindred by Octavia E. Butler.

Publication year 2022

Genre Graphic Novel/Book, Fiction

Themes Family, Friendship, Perseverance

Tags Sports, Realistic Fiction, African American Literature, Children`s Literature, Modern Classic Fiction

Publication year 1981

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Love, Gender Identity, Race, Family, Marriage, Social Class, Colonialism, Loyalty & Betrayal

Tags Race & Racism, Social Class, African American Literature, American Literature, Modern Classic Fiction, Classic Fiction

Publication year 1994

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Guilt

Tags Realistic Fiction, African American Literature, Grief & Death, Depression & Suicide, Relationships, Children`s Literature, Education, Education, Modern Classic Fiction

Written in 1994 by Sharon M. Draper, Tears of a Tiger incorporates various modes of writing, including personal essays, newspaper articles (formal writing), journal entries, and conversations to convey the story of a teenage boy’s descent into grief, guilt, and suicidal ideation following a car crash in which he, as the driver, causes the death of a good friend. The novel explores the importance of mental health in high school students, the effects of drunk... Read Tears of a Tiger Summary

Publication year 1954

Genre Play, Fiction

Themes Religion & Spirituality, Race, Family, Forgiveness, Love, Regret

Tags Drama, African American Literature, Race & Racism, World History, Dramatic Literature, Classic Fiction, Religion & Spirituality

The Amen Corner (1954) is the first play by American author, orator, and civil rights activist James Baldwin. The play critiques Christian religion as a means of reinforcing oppression and poverty, specifically in Black communities. It also covers the rift between men and women in religious settings by examining the fall of its protagonist, a Black preacher named Margaret. Hollywood actress Juanita Moore, who was friends with Marlon Brando, asked Brando to loan $75 for... Read The Amen Corner Summary

Publication year 1912

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Art, Race

Tags Historical Fiction, Race & Racism, African American Literature, Harlem Renaissance, Arts & Culture

Published anonymously in 1912, The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man is James Weldon Johnson’s fictional memoir centered on how a talented man born to a Black mother and a white father after the Civil War became white in the early-20th century. Johnson, an important critical and artistic contributor to the Harlem Renaissance, published the novel under his own name in 1927 during the height of the movement. The novel is an important bridge between the... Read The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man Summary

Publication year 1965

Genre Autobiography / Memoir, Nonfiction

Themes Race, Justice, Hate & Anger

Tags Race & Racism, American Literature, African American Literature

The Autobiography of Malcolm X is a nonfiction memoir published in 1965 by American human rights activist Malcolm X, in collaboration with American author Alex Haley. The book is the result of numerous interviews Haley conducted in the two years leading up to Malcolm’s assassination in February 1965. It covers Malcolm’s upbringing in Michigan, his career as a burglar and drug dealer in New York and Boston, his conversion to Islam in prison, his involvement... Read The Autobiography of Malcolm X Summary

Publication year 2007

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Immigration, Race, The Past

Tags Realistic Fiction, Immigration & Refugeeism, History: African , African American Literature, Modern Classic Fiction

Dinaw Mengestu’s 2007 debut novel, The Beautiful Things That Heaven Bears, is a NYT Notable Book, a recipient of the Guardian First Book Award, and the LA Times Art Seidenbaum Award for First Fiction. Originally published in the UK under the title Children of the Revolution, the story takes place across three days in the life of Sepha Stephanos, an Ethiopian refugee living in Washington, DC. In his New York Times review of the book... Read The Beautiful Things That Heaven Bears Summary

Publication year 1969

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Colonialism, Power & Greed, Politics & Government

Tags Heinemann African Writers, Historical Fiction, Classic Fiction, Satirical Literature, Poverty, Colonialism & Postcolonialism, African American Literature, World History

The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born, published in 1968, is a debut novel by Ayi Kwei Armah, one of the most noteworthy writers of postcolonial Ghana. Armah was born in Takoradi, Ghana, in 1939. He was educated at schools in Ghana and private institutions in America, including Harvard University. He has also worked as a translator, scriptwriter, and a university lecturer.The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born focuses on life in post-independence Ghana and... Read The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born Summary

Publication year 1993

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Race, Nation, Music

Tags Sociology, Race & Racism, Arts & Culture, World History, African American Literature, Afro-Caribbean Literature, British Literature, Education, Education, Philosophy, Philosophy, Politics & Government

The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness, published in 1993 by Harvard University Press, combines historical, social, political, and cultural dimensions to reconceptualize the contours of Western modernity. Paul Gilroy, noted sociologist and cultural historian, proposes that modernity can be better understood through the analytical frame of the Black Atlantic, a transnational, intercultural, fractal structure of Black political and expressive cultures in the West. Reflections of experiences of modernity by early Black Atlantic intellectuals and... Read The Black Atlantic Summary

Publication year 1999

Genre Novel, Fiction

Tags African American Literature, Realistic Fiction, Modern Classic Fiction, Urban Development, Classic Fiction

The Coldest Winter Ever, by Sister Souljah, is a work of urban and literary fiction, published in 1999. The novel chronicles the life of Winter Santiaga, the young daughter of a prominent and extremely wealthy drug lord. While the Santiaga family originally lives in the Brooklyn housing projects, they soon move to a mansion in Long Island. Winter is used to living a life of opulence; she wears the latest designer fashions, gets her nails... Read The Coldest Winter Ever Summary

Publication year 1987

Genre Play, Fiction

Themes Race, Sexual Identity, Community

Tags Comedy & Satire, Race & Racism, African American Literature, Education, Education, Dramatic Literature

The Colored Museum is a play by Tony Award-winning dramatist George C. Wolfe. The play premiered in March 1986 at Crossroads Theatre Company in New Jersey.A satire of modern conventions surrounding African American identity, The Colored Museum is set in a fictional museum where a collection of 11 “exhibits” have been mounted for public viewing. These exhibits take the form of sketches performed by an ensemble of five Black performers—two men and three women. Direct... Read The Colored Museum Summary

Publication year 1996

Genre Autobiography / Memoir, Nonfiction

Themes Race, Religion & Spirituality, Social Class

Tags Coming of Age, Race & Racism, Civil Rights & Jim Crow South, Religion & Spirituality, Parenting, African American Literature, Great Depression, American Literature, Education, Education, Biography

The Color of Water is a nonfiction autobiography published in 1996 by the American author and musician James McBride. Subtitled A Black Man’s Tribute to His White Mother, The Color of Water chronicles the author’s challenges growing up in the 1960s and 1970s as a child with a white Jewish mother and Black father. Interspersed with the author’s recollections are interview transcripts describing his mother’s abusive upbringing as an Orthodox Jewish woman living in the... Read The Color of Water Summary

Publication year 1982

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Femininity, Religion & Spirituality, Colonialism

Tags Gender & Feminism, American Literature, African American Literature, Modern Classic Fiction, Historical Fiction, Race & Racism, World History, LGBTQ+

The Color Purple is an epistolary novel—a novel told in letter form—in which Alice Walker traces the gradual liberation of Celie, a poor, Black woman who must overcome abuse and separation from her beloved sister Nettie. Set in the South and an unnamed African country during the 1930 to 1940s, the novel is a study in the ways in which Black women use their faith, relationships, and creativity to survive racial and sexual oppression. Several... Read The Color Purple Summary